The Gender Wage Gap Within Society - 1050 Words

Throughout history females have often times not been treated fairly compared to their male counterparts. The gender wage gap has been a real and prevalent thing in our society. Even in the present, women are inclined to get lower salaries than men throughout the world, and most importantly the United States where the constitution says â€Å"all men are created equal.† All salaries are on a weekly basis and percentages are cents a woman earns per dollar a man earns. Although, there is much we can do as individuals to stop discrimination in the work force. The United States’ wage gap is caused by discrimination against women, who have less opportunities for higher paying jobs, and in order to eradicate this issue in our country and worldwide, women need to be treated impartially in the workforce. There are many reasons why the gender wage gap exists in society. One of them is that there is blatant and unconscious bias against women that has built up over centuries. In America women have equal access and completion rates (add some statistics on this?) of higher education and in some places, even more than men, but they still do not necessarily have the same opportunities after they graduate. Many women end up with lower level and therefore lower paying careers. This also is not necessarily a result of women not being ambitious enough, most women are simply unable to work as much as men and some even quit their jobs once they get families. This fact that women simply work less hoursShow MoreRelatedThe Gender Wage Gap Within Society1281 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout history females have never been treated fairly compared to their male counterparts. The gender wage gap has been a real and prevalent thing in our society. Even in the present, women are inclined to get lower sala ries than men throughout the world, and most importantly the United States where the constitution says â€Å"all men are created equal.† All salaries are on a weekly basis and percentages are cents a woman earns per dollar a man earns. Though many are currently working to fix the situationRead MoreGender Inequality And Gender Equality Essay1540 Words   |  7 Pagesmyth about gender equality. It isn t a reality yet. Today, women make up half of the U.S. workforce, but the average working woman earns only seventy-seven percent of what the average working man makes. But unless women and men both say this is unacceptable, things will not change† stated Grammy Award winner, Beyoncà © (Knowles-Carter 34). Although in the twenty-first century, women are still fighting for equality to simply be paid the same amount as men. The main causes of this gender inequalityRead MoreGender Wage Gap By Susan B. Anthony875 Words   |  4 Pagesmovement was just beginning in the United S tates. Even after all this time, the gender wage gap is a still hot topic in the United States today. Popular stars and politicians including Kate Winslet, Jennifer Lawrence, and Hillary Clinton all have something to say about it. There is even a section of thewhitehouse.gov dedicated to discussing the gender wage gap which is the comparison of women s wages to men’s wages in the United States (â€Å"Equal Pay†). It is pretty common knowledge in the United StatesRead MoreEqual Pay Act Of 19631382 Words   |  6 Pagesreceiving less pay than males in the workforce is known as the Gender Wage Gap. Equal Pay Act of 1963 The wage gap has been a problem in the workplace for a long time now, but we are seeing constant progress. In 1963, the Equal Pay Act was signed into place, this law was passed to try and abolish any type of wage disparity based on gender. This law has made a difference in our country with closing the wage gap. The problem remains that the wage gap continues to close at very slow rate. In 1963, women earnedRead MoreWomen s Unequal Treatment Of Women1139 Words   |  5 PagesVirtually, every known society past and present, women have not been treated as an equal to men. According to (UN NATIONS WEBSITE DEFINITON OF UNEQUAL TREATMENT of women CITATION HERE)it is unequal treatment of individuals based on their gender. UN agencies and most governments agree on the principle of gender inequality. The question at large is what accounts for the difference between the rhetoric of equality and the reality of inequality? The single aspect of gender inequality of men and womenRead MoreDiscrimi nation, Policies, And The Gender Wage Gap1088 Words   |  5 Pages Discrimination, Policies, and The Gender Wage-Gap   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   For decades, the gender wage-gap has been an ongoing issue in Canada. Since then, women’s rights have changed and allowed them to obtain career positions much like men. Although women have successfully fought for their rights, the issues of the gender wage gap, and sexist stereotypes continue in Canada. The Canadian Government needs to strengthen its discrimination policies so it can rectify and allow for equal opportunity, support parentalRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution : The World Into The Forward And Advanced World We Live1387 Words   |  6 Pagesmuch of society, primarily the lives of women; although women were given job opportunities, their lives during the industrial revolution were unfortunate due to the working conditions, large wage gap, and lack of a social status. The Industrial Revolution is defined as an economic transition in society, specifically involving the means of production. The Industrial Revolution was started in order to specialize, mechanize, and organize the means of production, in turn reforming society as a wholeRead MoreGender Inequality : Gender Pay Gap975 Words   |  4 PagesThe gender pay gap in Hollywood The gender pay gap is the difference in pay earned by men and the pay earned by women.( Pay Equity Commission, 2012). There are various ways in measuring the pay gap between genders, such as full- time or full- year wage. Statistics Canada data ( 2012) displayed that the gender pay gap in Ontario was 26% for full- time and full- year employments, which means for every C$1 earned by a man, a woman earned 74 cents( Pay Equity Commission,2012).The pay gap has been narrowingRead MoreGender Pay Gap : Inequity, Work And Society1482 Words   |  6 PagesGender Pay Gap: Inequity, Work and Society In Australia over the last 20 years, it is documented that a person’s income and wages, differs based on one’s gender, known as the gender pay gap (The Conversation, 2017; Workplace Gender Equality Agency (WGEA), 2017c). This paper will discuss what a gender pay gap is, various economic explanations for this gap, summarise sociological responses, and identify possible policy recommendations and their implications. The gender pay gap is generally measuredRead MoreWomen Have Always Seen A Gap In Pay, But Recently The Dispute1639 Words   |  7 PagesWomen have always seen a gap in pay, but recently the dispute about the gender wage gap has aroused and angered many in the U.S. Many Americans have labeled businesses as sexist due to the gap in pay among men and women. As many people know, men and women have many differences such as caring for children, different interests when it comes to the workforce, and many others. Naturally men and women have many differences that cause a bit of a gap when it comes to pay. While gender is most definitely a

Essay on The Bane of Humanity Analyzing Young Goodman...

The fight between good and evil is present inside every person. For example, forgiveness and revenge are on opposite ends of the spectrum, yet people may be more inclined to seek revenge instead of choosing to forgive. Thus, humanity is in a constant struggle to fight against an evil inclination. Nathaniel Hawthorne portrays this human dilemma in his short story â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†, which is about a man leaving his loving wife to travel into the forest for the night. He believes no harm will come of his actions and promises a fulfilling life with his wife after his encounter. Instead, Brown’s errand within the forest changes his aspect on the whole of humanity and uproots his beliefs in God. Hawthorne uses his characters’ names, Faith’s†¦show more content†¦The town views her as the perfect example for the Christian lifestyle. However, Brown sees Goody Cloyse in the forest, worshiping the Devil. She is not truly good as her name suggests, a nd she causes Brown to lose all faith in God. Hawthorne is demonstrating that if the most spiritual woman in the town cannot withstand evil inclinations, as well as a supposedly good man like Brown, then the whole of humanity does not have a chance. Secondly, Goodman Brown’s wife, Faith, is a sweet, young woman who has a secret life within the darkness that haunts the forest. At first, she wants nothing more but to care for her husband and keep him safe. She begs Brown to stay with her that night, as if something has â€Å"warned her what work is to be done tonight† (Hawthorne 380). Faith seems to already know what will happen to Brown if he gives into his evil inclinations. Therefore, despite her warning him about the dangers and darkness, she hypocritically participates in the cult worshiping just like everyone else. Her purity is a mask to hide her true character underneath. Hawthorne uses Faith’s actions to show that people are liable to be hypocrites and ar e drawn to evil. Lastly, the entire town is seen during Goodman Brown’s meeting in the forest, and he discovers their hypocritical and evil worship ceremony. These townspeople include the deacon of ministry, Goodman Brown’s old Sunday school teacher, as well as his own wife, Faith. The major hypocrisy of Goody Cloyse andShow MoreRelatedOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesstarting point for getting to grips with the field of organization theory. Dr Martin Brigham, Lancaster University, UK McAuley et al. provide a highly readable account of ideas, perspectives and practices of organization. By thoroughly explaining, analyzing and exploring organization theory the book increases the understanding of a field that in recent years has become ever more fragmented. Organization theory is central to managing, organizing and reflecting on both formal and informal structures,

POETRY ANALYSIS Argumentative Essay Example For Students

POETRY ANALYSIS Argumentative Essay It is possible to compare and contrast poetry from different literary periods by selecting a poem from each period and examining its use of structure, style, and imagery to enhance its theme. In the Elizabethan period, â€Å"Lullaby,† by Richard Rowlands; in the Romantic period, Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s â€Å"Youth and Age;† in the Victorian period, â€Å"A Child’s Laughter,â€Å" by Algernon Charles Swinburne; and in the Modern period, Jessica Hagedorn’s â€Å"Sorcery,† the reader will come to the conclusion that they have minor similarities as well as significant differences in the areas of structure, style, theme and imagery.The Romantic poem called â€Å"Youth and Age,† by Samuel T. Coleridge and the Modern poem, â€Å"Sorcery,† by Jessica Hagedorn are similar in structure. Out of these two poems, neither one of them have stanzas that have a set number of lines, nor do they have set rhyme schemes. For example in â€Å"Yo uth and Age,† there are three stanzas which contain at first seventeen lines, then twenty-one lines and finally eleven lines. In comparison, â€Å"Sorcery† has seven stanzas with a varying number of lines in each stanza. Thus, these poems are free verses. In Algernon C. Swinburne’s â€Å"A Child’s Laughter,† he uses his own particular rhyme scheme to portray the message of his poem. Each stanza consists of five lines and every fifth line rhymes. For example, in the fifth line of the first stanza the speaker states, â€Å"All sweet sounds together† and in the fifth line of the second stanza the speaker states, â€Å"Wind in warm wan weather.† In Richard Rowlands’ â€Å"Lullaby† there is also a pattern. Each stanza consists of six lines and every fifth and sixth line is the same through out the poem. These repeated lines are as follows: â€Å"Sing lullaby, my little boy† and Sing lullaby, mine only joy.† Therefore, â€Å"A Child’s Laughter† contains an aabbc- ddeec pattern and â€Å"Lullaby† contains an aabbcc-ddeecc pattern. Furthermore, in â€Å"A Child’s Laughter† the speaker addresses children, he states, â€Å"Something seen and heard of men Might be half as sweet as when Laughs a child of seven.† By this quotation, the audience can surmise that the speaker means that there is no sweeter sound he can hear, than that of a child’s laughter. In â€Å"Lullaby†, the speaker’s choice of subject is also children, he or she states, â€Å"Meantime his love maintains my life and gives my senses her rest.† In other words, this child is his or her only reason for living. The reader can infer that these poems are similar in theme because both of their messages stress the innocence and sweetness of children. All of the poems that have been chosen appear to have a common style. In Richard Rowlands’ â€Å"Lullaby† and â€Å"A Child’s Laughter,† by Algernon Charles Swinburne both speakers mediate on his love or passion for children. In Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s â€Å"Youth and Age,† the speaker focuses on the nature of the aging human. Last but not least, in â€Å"Sorcery,† by Jessica Hagedorn, the speaker stresses the beauty of an individual. Because each of these poems mediate or focus on life, nature and/or love, they can be classified as being lyrical in style. There is a drastic change in the use of language from the Elizabethan and the Romantic periods to the Victorian and the Modern periods. In â€Å"Lullaby† and â€Å"Youth and Age,† the poets use words like â€Å"thy† and â€Å"Thou,† when in â€Å"A Child’s Laughter† and â€Å"Sorcery† words like those are replaced with the words â₠¬Å"you† and â€Å"I.† Because the Elizabethan and Romantic poems are written in this manner, they seem to be more difficult for the audience to grasp, however; the use of these words made the poems very easy to classify in periods. The reader can infer that as opposed to all the rest of the poetry, the theme of â€Å"Sorcery† seems to be more straightforward. For example, after reading the lines â€Å"there are some people i know whose beauty is a crime†¦who make you so crazy that you don’t know whether to throw yourself at them or kill them,† the reader knows right away that the theme of the poem is that outstanding beauty in an individual can never be overlooked. In contrast, the lines â€Å"Nought cared this body for wind or weather† and â€Å"When Youth and I lived in’t together,† in the poem â€Å"Youth and Age† make it hard for the audience to figure out or analyze its theme. To the reader, it seems as thought the message is hidden. The speaker means the older you get, the weaker you are physically. In â€Å"A Child’s Laughter,† the poet, Algernon Charles Swinburne, uses images of sound to explain the lines â€Å"All the winds on earth may bring All sweet sounds together† and â€Å"Sweeter far than all things heard.† By this, the speaker is stating that no other harmonious sound in the world is as pleasing as the sound of laughing children. In contrast, Jessica Hagedorn in her poem, â€Å"Sorcery,† does not use images of nature, but decides to use images of vision instead. The speaker states, â€Å"they most likely be walking down the street when you least expect it trying to look ordinary†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Because of this quotation, the reader can visualize a good looking indidvidual standing out in the crowd.One speaker is expressing his or her love of children and the other is expressing lust of the flesh, thus; the type of imagery used by each poet helps in implementing the poets’ message. Moreover, in â€Å"Lullaby,† Richard Rowlands chooses to use the images of emotion to convey the endearing love that a parent has towards his or her child. For example, the speaker states, â€Å"Upon my lap my sovereign sits And sucks upon my breast† and â€Å"Sing lullaby, my little boy, Sing lullaby, mine only joy,† which signifies that because this child is the speaker’s most precious treasure, he will provide for the child the best he could. Lastly, in Coleridge’s â€Å"Youth and Age† the poet uses images of nature to explain how â€Å"Friendship is a sheltering tree†¦the joys that came down shower like, Of friendship, Love and Liberty, Ere I was old.† The speaker feels that life’s joys of friendship, love and liberty are appreciated more when you are older. One poet is expressing the love that a parent has for his child and the other is expressing the affects of growing old, so again, the imagery in each poem helps the poet to develop his message.In conclusion, after each period has undergone careful study, one discovers that in the modern poem, â€Å"Sorcery,† by Jessica Hagedorn, the theme is the most effective. The poet’s use of imagery and choice of language makes the theme easier for the audience to comprehend, than that of any other period. The other poets’ messages seem unclear because their uses of imagery and chooses language only make the themes of the poems more confusing. - 1 - EssayIn Algernon C. Swinburne’s â€Å"A Child’s Laughter,† he uses his own particular rhyme scheme to portray the message of his poem. Each stanza consists of five lines and every fifth line rhymes. For example, in the fifth line of the first stanza the speaker states, â€Å"All sweet sounds together† and in the fifth line of the second stanza the speaker states, â€Å"Wind in warm wan weather.† In Richard Rowlands’ â€Å"Lullaby† there is also a pattern. Each stanza consists of six lines and every fifth and sixth line is the same through out the poem. These repeated lines are as follows: â€Å"Sing lullaby, my little boy† and Sing lullaby, mine only joy.† Therefore, â€Å"A Child’s Laughter† contains an aabbc- ddeec pattern and â€Å"Lullaby† contains an aabbcc-ddeecc pattern. Furthermore, in â€Å"A Child’s Laughter† the speaker addresses children, he states, â€Å"Something seen and heard of men Might be half as sweet as when Laughs a child of seven.† By this quotation, the audience can surmise that the speaker means that there is no sweeter sound he can hear, than that of a child’s laughter. In â€Å"Lullaby†, the speaker’s choice of subject is also children, he or she states, â€Å"Meantime his love maintains my life and gives my senses her rest.† In other words, this child is his or her only reason for living. The reader can infer that these poems are similar in theme because both of their messages stress the innocence and sweetness of children. All of the poems that have been chosen appear to have a common style. In Richard Rowlands’ â€Å"Lullaby† and â€Å"A Child’s Laughter,† by Algernon Charles Swinburne both speakers mediate on his love or passion for children. In Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s â€Å"Youth and Age,† the speaker focuses on the nature of the aging human. Last but not least, in â€Å"Sorcery,† by Jessica Hagedorn, the speaker stresses the beauty of an individual. Because each of these poems mediate or focus on life, nature and/or love, they can be classified as being lyrical in style. There is a drastic change in the use of language from the Elizabethan and the Romantic periods to the Victorian and the Modern periods. In â€Å"Lullaby† and â€Å"Youth and Age,† the poets use words like â€Å"thy† and â€Å"Thou,† when in â€Å"A Child’s Laughter† and â€Å"Sorcery† words like those are replaced with the words â₠¬Å"you† and â€Å"I.† Because the Elizabethan and Romantic poems are written in this manner, they seem to be more difficult for the audience to grasp, however; the use of these words made the poems very easy to classify in periods. The reader can infer that as opposed to all the rest of the poetry, the theme of â€Å"Sorcery† seems to be more straightforward. For example, after reading the lines â€Å"there are some people i know whose beauty is a crime†¦who make you so crazy that you don’t know whether to throw yourself at them or kill them,† the reader knows right away that the theme of the poem is that outstanding beauty in an individual can never be overlooked. In contrast, the lines â€Å"Nought cared this body for wind or weather† and â€Å"When Youth and I lived in’t together,† in the poem â€Å"Youth and Age† make it hard for the audience to figure out or analyze its theme. To the reader, it seems as thought the message is hidden. The speaker means the older you get, the weaker you are physically. In â€Å"A Child’s Laughter,† the poet, Algernon Charles Swinburne, uses images of sound to explain the lines â€Å"All the winds on earth may bring All sweet sounds together† and â€Å"Sweeter far than all things heard.† By this, the speaker is stating that no other harmonious sound in the world is as pleasing as the sound of laughing children. In contrast, Jessica Hagedorn in her poem, â€Å"Sorcery,† does not use images of nature, but decides to use images of vision instead. The speaker states, â€Å"they most likely be walking down the street when you least expect it trying to look ordinary†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Because of this quotation, the reader can visualize a good looking indidvidual standing out in the crowd.One speaker is expressing his or her love of children and the other is expressing lust of the flesh, thus; the type of imagery used by each poet helps in implementing the poets’ message. Moreover, in â€Å"Lullaby,† Richard Rowlands chooses to use the images of emotion to convey the endearing love that a parent has towards his or her child. For example, the speaker states, â€Å"Upon my lap my sovereign sits And sucks upon my breast† and â€Å"Sing lullaby, my little boy, Sing lullaby, mine only joy,† which signifies that because this child is the speaker’s most precious treasure, he will provide for the child the best he could. Lastly, in Coleridge’s â€Å"Youth and Age† the poet uses images of nature to explain how â€Å"Friendship is a sheltering tree†¦the joys that came down shower like, Of friendship, Love and Liberty, Ere I was old.† The speaker feels that life’s joys of friendship, love and liberty are appreciated more when you are older. One poet is expressing the love that a parent has for his child and the other is expressing the affects of growing old, so again, the imagery in each poem helps the poet to develop his message.In conclusion, after each period has undergone careful study, one discovers that in the modern poem, â€Å"Sorcery,† by Jessica Hagedorn, the theme is the most effective. The poet’s use of imagery and choice of language makes the theme easier for the audience to comprehend, than that of any other period. The other poets’ messages seem unclear because their uses of imagery and chooses language only make the themes of the poems more confusing. An Elizabethan, a Romantic, Victorian, and Modern poem Bibliography:

Triangulation in Industrial Market Research †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Triangulation in Industrial Market Research. Answer: Introduction Marketing research plan is crucial to develop the approaches to enhance the performance of the business. Market research enables an organization to understand the current need of the market and to identify the target audience (Andaleeb and Hasan 2016). In order to develop a market research, a research plan is required to carry out the market research. This will give a better understanding of the organization regarding their current market place. This study deals with the market research plan of Houzit the homeware sores situated in Brisbane. Moreover, a revised market research plan will be given in this study in the context of Houzit. OHS or occupational health and safety is an important policy of an organization that needs to follow while developing a market research plan (Palmatier 2017). However, it is important for Houzit to keep privacy of their data while developing the market research plan as the marketing team of Lombard consulting includes search engine optimization and website development. During this approaches data may be theft or damage. Thus, it is crucial for such organization to maintain the privacy of the data. Staff involvement is necessary for the market research plan as the staffs of such organization need to comply with the organizational policies while preparing the market plan. KPIs or Key performance indicators measure the performance level of the staffs in a market research plan. Apart from this, the quality of data that is collected by the consulting team regarding the market research should be checked by the authority to detect the validity and reliability of the data. Houzit needs to communicate its staff members to develop the market plan in order to conduct the market research. It is important for an organization to interact with the organizational staffs and to understand their viewpoints to make a work plan summary (Kienzler and Kowalkowski 2017). Houzit wants to take help from the Lombard consulting group to carry out their market research to enhance their store for lighting fixtures. Hence, the communication can be done via the oral presentation, by using electronic and print media. Managing the resources is a big part to develop a market research plan. Financial resources, human resources, time and energy are the major resources to develop a market research plan (d'Alessandro 2017). In the context of Houzit, they need money to invest in their research plan. On the other hand, they need expertise to carry out the market research, as information needs to be collected based on which the market research plan can be developed. Next, the expertise needs to spend more time on the developing the plan by collecting data. Apart from this energy is another part of that is required to develop a market research plan. The team of the consulting group needs to make a resource requisition form to manage each resource. Identification of the consultants is a major part of the development of market research plan (Zaefarian 2017). The CEO of Houzit has decided to hire Lombard consulting group to carry a market research plan for their new product. lack of experience and lost of credibility are the major challenges that an organization can face during the development of their project plan. Hence, the external consultant supports the organization to meet such changes and to complete the project. The consultant can be selected based on their specialization in the market research, strength, and popularity. However, Lombard is a local consulting group in Brisbane and specialized in the market research for home accessory products. On the other hand, Houzit is situated in Brisbane and popular for homeware, thus, this consulting group will be helpful for their market research. Mechanical and electrical components are required for the lighting fixture that is the planned new service of Houzit. Equipment and technical expertise are required for this new service. However, based on the product materials the suppliers and the providers are selected (Palmatier 2017). Houzit identifies their product material then prepared the list of the suppliers based on their capacity to supply such materials. Australia wide survey and Australian Chambers of commerce are selected to supply the service materials. Revise the contract made with the external contractor The manager of the market research needs to revise the contact that has been made with the Lombard Consulting group in order to carry out the market research plan for Houzit. The CEO of such organization has given $1500 to the manager to complete the entire market research. The time is 8 weeks to conduct the market research. It is crucial for an organization to make a proper plan with the consultants that can meet the entire requirements of an organization (Xie et al. 2017). However, 9 weeks will be helpful to develop the plan and to conduct the market research instead of 8 weeks as the manager needs more time to prepare the entire report after the proper investigation. Therefore, the budget needs to be increased to $1600 as the market research includes many activities, which require more financial support. In a market research plan, monitoring is crucial to measure the progress of the taken activities (Ind et al. 2017). The market research report is in progress however, some phases of the research project are not completed within the time. As for example, documentation process is one week late according to the case study. On the other hand, identification of the research techniques is one week late. 1 week needs to identify the source of information, as it could not be completed within the scheduled time. Apart from this identification of the research participants and development of questionnaire are completed on time. The work activities of the development of a market research plan include identification of the research goal, selection of the supplier and external consultant, which are crucial to complete a market research (Kuhn and Baumann 2017). In the context of Hauzit they have selected Lombard Consulting group and this consulting group consists of various activities. They need to carry out a proper market research, which includes the industry overview, identification of target audience, business environment, competitors analysis and detection of current market demand. Contractor performance Measurement of the performance of the external contractor is a crucial part of the market research report (Palmatier 2017). In the context of Hauzit, the contractor of the Lombard consulting group required more time as they fail to complete some phases of the research project within the scheduled time. According to the consultant, they have faced issues while working with the store manager, as a result, their performance has decreased. They have requested for the data of internal customers and the company has denied providing it. This affects the performance of the contractor. Therefore, the contractor failed to finish the budgeting and development of the research project on time thus their performance is not too good as the organization expected. According to the market research report of Hauzit, it has been received that there is a great demand for the lighting fixtures in the Queensland and the Western Australia. However, in this particular market, the size of the home-ware business comprises $130 million and the lighting fixtures category covers $22 million in the year 2009 and 2010. The growth of the Australia is 3.2% pa this ensures the long-term growth of this current service in Australian market. Analysis of the target market is crucial in the market research report (Ind et al. 2017). According to the report of Lombard consulting group, the households of Brisbane those are involved in renovation and new dwelling are considered as the target market of Houzit's lighting fixtures. As per the statistical data, there are 45,000 households p.a in Brisbane, those are involved in the new dwelling. The age group of the target customers ranges from 25 to 45 years and their annual income is 110,000. On the other hand, the househo ld spends $560 for the home-wares, which ensures that the new service of Houzit's will be beneficial to increase its customers number and its sale. On the other hand, the economic, technological, social and political factors are also analyzed in the report. Economic factor reveals that the GDP of Australia is 3.2% and the unemployment rate is low. Therefore, the government has taken initiatives for the home-ware, which reduces the use of the resources and minimizes the waste. The technology focuses on the high internet use in the area of the target market and the customers focus on the environmental sustainability. It is important to analyze the external environment to understand the current market of a business (Ahammad et al. 2017). On the other hand, competitors analysis of Houzit shows there are 12 competitors in the existing market. Validity of the data present in the project Validity and reliability of the data need to check within a project as based on the existing data the entire project plan will be developed (Hign 2016). Expert judgment will be helpful to determine the reliability of the data. The manager has to aware of the location and the availability of the data sources based on which the entire report is conducted. Taped interview, original response to the customer survey and focus group analysis are crucial. It is important for the manager of Houzit to cross check the references and carry out a physical identification of the document sources. The Scientific method, testing and careful observation should be taken to ensure the validity of the research data. This current research includes the market research data and information regarding the new service of Houzit. The main objective is to consult with a contractor and to prepare the activities to conduct a market research. It is important to make relevance between the research objectives and the findings (Ahammad et al. 2017). The objective of this report is to develop activities to carry out a market research plan. Hence, from the findings, it has been received that the consulting group has made a proper market research based on the current market position of home-ware in Brisbane. It has been received from the findings that a target market analysis also includes in the market research report. Hence, it can be said that the research objective focuses on the activities to complete a market research report and the findings of this report also highlight on the activities that are taken in the market research. The effectiveness of the research plan can be measured by the project performance (Giuliani et al. 2016). In the context of Houzit, they have made a research plan with the help of the Lombard consulting group. However, it has been received that from the given scenario, that this consulting group and the CEO of Houzit have set many activities in the project's plan. As for example, market research, competitive analysis, economy, and technology. The project report also focuses on these specific areas and ensures that the project performance has matched with the research plan. Review of the stakeholders feedbacks and recommendations The line managers give feedback that Lombard consulting group did not make a clear communication with the store managers. Therefore, such consulting group did not interact with the customers day by day. On the other hand, the buying manager of Houzit said that the report of the consulting group was good and matched with the organizational concept. Thus, the manager needs to take more ideas from such consulting group. On the other hand, the CEO also gave congratulation to the consulting group as they have done the entire project within a short time frame. The monitoring process of the research project includes continuous observation. It is important to make a stakeholder analysis to understand the effectiveness of a market research project (Carter 2016). The consulting group needs to make more communication with the customers and the store managers of Houzit as it will help them to understand the current market trend. On the other hand, the consulting group needs to monitor the entire process properly and to check the validity and reliability of the data. Conclusion The above study deals with the development of the market research report in the context of Houzit. This organization has hired Lombard consulting group to carry out the entire market research and to prepare a proper report with authentic data. However, in this section a revised report has been proposed that reveals the findings of the market research report. It has been found that the consulting group made the report properly while in many phases of the research they failed to complete the activities within the time. On the other hand, there are some loopholes in the research process of the Lombard consulting group that need to be covered. Referencing Ahammad, M.F., Tarba, S., Frynas, J.G. and Scola, A., 2017. Integration of nonmarket and market activities in cross-border mergers and acquisitions.British Journal of Management. Andaleeb, S.S. and Hasan, K., 2016. Marketing Research. InStrategic Marketing Management in Asia: Case Studies and Lessons across Industries(pp. 111-160). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Carter, B., 2016.Economic and market resilience before and after shocks. GSDRC Helpdesk Research Report 1328. d'Alessandro, S., Lowe, B., Winzar, H., Zikmund, W.G. and Babin, B.J., 2017.Marketing Research. Cengage Learning. Giuliani, E., Santangelo, G.D. and Wettstein, F., 2016. Human rights and international business research: A call for studying emerging market multinationals.Management and Organization Review,12(3), pp.631-637. Hign, D.A., 2016. In-house versus external basic research and first-to-market innovations.Research Policy,45(4), pp.816-829. Ind, N., Iglesias, O. and Markovic, S., 2017. The co-creation continuum: from tactical market research tool to strategic collaborative innovation method.Journal of Brand Management,24(4), pp.310-321. Ind, N., Iglesias, O. and Markovic, S., 2017. The co-creation continuum: from tactical market research tool to strategic collaborative innovation method.Journal of Brand Management,24(4), pp.310-321. Joe, K., Raben, F. and Phillips, A., 2016. The Ethical Issues of Survey and Market Research.The SAGE Handbook of Survey Methodology, p.77. Kienzler, M. and Kowalkowski, C., 2017. Pricing strategy: A review of 22years of marketing research.Journal of Business Research,78, pp.101-110. Kuhn, M.M. and Baumann, C.W., 2017. Triangulation in Industrial Market Research-Development of a Mixed-Methods-Approach for Market Forecasts. InThe Customer is NOT Always Right? Marketing Orientationsin a Dynamic Business World(pp. 633-642). Springer, Cham. Palmatier, R.W., 2017. Marketing research centers: community, productivity, and relevance.Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,45(4), pp.465-466. Xie, W., Bivins, M.A., Jones, S., Deng, K.K., Schiller, B., Sullivan, J., Terrazas, A. and Sheppard, M., The Nielsen Company (Us), Llc, 2017.Context-based image recognition for consumer market research. U.S. Patent Application 15/417,864. Zaefarian, G., Kadile, V., Henneberg, S.C. and Leischnig, A., 2017. Endogeneity bias in marketing research: Problem, causes and remedies.Industrial Marketing Management.

Jiangsu Province Tourism

The Impact Of Tourism In Malaysian Society Tourism Essay Example

The Impact Of Tourism In Malaysian Society Tourism Essay Example The Impact Of Tourism In Malaysian Society Tourism Essay The Impact Of Tourism In Malaysian Society Tourism Essay Malaysia has invested in a broad scope of touristry finishs for tourers. This state is blessed with diverse civilizations. traditions and histories. coupled with different landscapes and natural resources ; the state has built a strong and absorbing entreaty for both local and international tourers. Tourism sector. therefore. is of great importance to Malaysia’s economic system as one of the major foreign exchange gross or net incomes 2nd to the fabrication industry. Introduction Malaysia is a state situated in the Southeast Asia crossing from about 1?N to 6?45?N latitude and 99?36?E to 104?24?E longitude. dwelling of 13 provinces and three Federal Territories. with a land mass of about 329. 845 square kilometers ( 127. 354 sq myocardial infarction ) . The state is divided into two parts: Peninsular Malaysia and Malaysia Borneo also known as East Malaysia by the South China Sea. Malaya gained its independency on 31st August. 1957. It is surrounded by many states in Southeast Asia such as: Siam in the North. Singapore in the South and Philippines in the north-east. Dutch east indies in the south and south-west. Malaysia has a long coastline in the Peninsular Malaysia. It borders the Strait of Malacca. which is an of import international transportation cross-path. and contributes positively in the development of international trade which forms an built-in portion to its economic system. Malaysia is bio-diversified with scope of vegetations and zoologies. with picturesque coastal fields lifting to the hills and mountains. These pudding stone scenic natural beauty along with a diverseness of civilizations. races and ethnicity contributes vastly to the development of Malaysia. Tourism investing was endorsed by Malayan authorities in the early 90s and it was projected to go one of the chief stay of Malaysia’s economic system by lending to her income gross by a humongous 85 % growing in the twenty-first century. Malaysia has grown over the old ages to be one of the biggest participants in touristry. Just like other developed and developing states. Malaysia has invested to a great extent in touristry. which has grown to be among the universe category and as a consequence touristry has become one of the major gross for nation’s wealth. The tendency form and economic impact of Malaysia’s touristry sector Following the full indorsement of touristry by Malayan authorities. full graduated table analysis was conducted to see how they can tackle the profusion of natural resources and bio-diversified nature of the Malayan environments. There are assorted facets that contribute to the Malayan touristry industry. which is the amalgam of: nature. heritage. civilization. diverse races. tradition and spiritual diverseness. installations and its activities. ( Peters R. F ) stated that based on Malaysia’s strong natural characteristics of outstanding scenery. natural environments and alone life beings. nature touristry. a sub-sector of touristry. is a chance to be capitalized on further. Based on the turning involvement cultural/heritage touristry and planetary inflow of tourers in Penang and Malacca has improved the range of touristry in Malaysia without sabotaging every landscape of tourer attractive force site. In the early 90’s. Nature touristry was besides considered to be a comparatively sub-sector of touristry that was lending up to 7 % to 15 % of the overall industry and was expected to turn up to 50 % by twentieth century. The touristry industry has grown over the old ages from origin to this present twenty-four hours by a humongous 75 % growing. In 1990s the sector contributes merely 7 % to 15 % to the economic system of this state ( Hill. 1994 ; Pleumarom. 1997 ) . ( Fdi Tourism Industry in Malaysia ) reveals that the touristry industry reported an increasing tendency from 2000 to 2005. They farther anticipated that the Tourist reachings are expected to turn at an mean rate of 6. 9 per cent per annum to make 14. 3 million by 2005. Tourism grosss are targeted to turn at an mean one-year rate of 9. 5 per cent to make RM 29. 5 billion in 2005 says ( FDi Tourism in Malaysia ) . In 2010 at the touristry finish conference. touristry has now taken a prima place in National cardinal economic countries ( NKEAs ) . The touristry sector being a strong subscriber is merely non a new determination as its part has received widespread acknowledgment in the state. ( The touristry finish conference for 2010 ) reveals that the touristry reception for 2009 was at RM 53. 367. 7 million. with 23. 65 million tourer reachings. doing this industry the 2nd largest income earner for the state in the same twelvemonth and though these figures are commendable. it is said that the local touristry sector has non been exploited to its potential’ ( Y. B. Dato’ Sri Mohd Najib. 3rd March 2010 ) . In 2009. Malaya made it into top 10 most visited states in the universe. and was confidently placed in the 9th place below Meleagris gallopavo and Germany. This comment shows that Malaysia’s touristry sector has pulled international acknowledgment and has gained force of attractive force that draws the attending of tourers all around the continents of the universe to take Malaysia as their touristry finish. Social impact of the touristry industry The societal impact of touristry in Malaysia is unerasable and will prolong a universe record in the nearest hereafter. In a state with a diverse nationality. diverse race. civilization and faith. it has proven to me that understanding. tolerance and credence are portion of the key values that is maintaining Malaysia at the top among the top tourer finish states in the universe today. The originators behind the success of the touristry sector and the presiding organic structure over the full state have grown beyond looking at inequalities in faith. societal position. race. nationality and concentrate on how they can tackle these differences to draw greater force by change overing these differences into wealth. acknowledgment and success. Malaysia being an Islamic state could hold created a more negative societal impact on the thrust for universe best touristry zone based on the regulations and basicss of the Islamic religion. but in the face of the universe. Malaysia hit a solid discovery in suiting the full universe regardless of their religion or background to establish a new face of dynamic leading in touristry and still maintaining their religions intact without defect. Broad heads at the helm of personal businesss in Malaysia. who are blessed with a strong thrust to do her citizens to stand for values that promote oneness such as tolerance. regard. honor. truth and justness. Capitalizing on the strength of beauties all around the metropoliss down to the rural communities has bridge the spread of alteration to societal interaction within and to the full universe. The flexibleness in authorities policies to do Malaysia an international meeting land for all nationalities in the universe has made Malaysia to derive a vivacious base to better societal interaction for tourer chances. The coming of touristry in Malaysia initiated the demand for substructures which is continually fulfilled as demand arises. The societal impact of touristry has improved the basic life criterion for tourers and locals. which has grown enormously and in return has influenced the manner of life of the dweller of Malaysia. The touristry industry is fragmented in nature. It consists of little stockholders working in different touristry concern country. including: housing. nutrient. travel and leisure said by ( Mostafa N. Mehran N ) . The betterment and cooperation contributed by the stakeholders has a holistic attack to the full construction and lack from any sector of the stockholders will destroy and botch the good experience that the tourers would hold experienced. The societal impact could be felt in other countries within the state: such as the proviso of assorted flexible. low-cost and assessable manner of pilotage within Malaysia and a good route map that provide readily made information about route pilotage. The farther betterment on this country is internet handiness of route webs through ( GPS ) Global placement system. Understanding the Potentials of Cultural and Heritage Tourism Coupled with the Malaysia’s enormous growing in touristry. cultural/heritage is emerging in the categorical touristry sub-sector as a possible signifier of alternate touristry for both domestic travelers every bit good as international tourers. ( Prof Badaruddin M ) stated that cultural touristry in Malaysia attracted great promotions with addition in the figure of incoming tourers yearly. Malaysia is rich in cultural touristry resources that has over the old ages been abandoned but they have eventually been realised through cooperate attempt of the stockholders and the stakeholders in the industry. Examples of impressive cultural touristry resources available in Malaysia are the being of historical edifices. colorful life styles. multi-cultural and friendly ambiance. Giving these facets a governmental engagement publicity every bit good as related schemes and policies that will back up the growing more than what is presently assessable will hike the touristry sector further. Heritage and civilization in touristry is really of import facet in this industry as it showcase the values embedded and the values in the hereditary lifestyle leftovers and the alteration in life style over the old ages. ( Badaruddin M ) farther highlighted that the relationship between touristry and civilization can take signifiers and the consequence can be viewed negatively and positively when meeting of hosts and visitants occurs and perchance leads to transmutation of the hosts’ civilization. Example of this possibly can be drawn from the civilization of the western universe and the Arabs. Over the old ages. the citizens from Arab states have been going to Europe for touristry and many have migrated for exposure into the glamor of the West but because of certain believe and civilization that prohibits some of the life style in the West has resulted in clang of involvement between few progressive and cardinal peoples. World Tourism Organization ( 1985 ) defines cultural touristry as the motions of individuals for basically culturally motive such as survey Tourss. executing humanistic disciplines and cultural Tourss ; travel to festivals and other related events. And civilization is farther defined from the ( National Assembly of State Arts Agencies. 2005 ) position to be based on mosaic of topographic points. traditions. art signifiers. jubilations and experiences that portray 1s state and its people. Culture is defined as quoted in Meethan ( 2001:117 ) as a set of patterns. based on signifier of cognition. which encapsulate common values and act as general guiding rules. It is through these signifiers of cognition that differentiations are created and maintained. so that for illustration. one civilization is marked off different from another . Heritage touristry could be a subtype of cultural touristry. These two categories of touristry has become a adult section of the touristry market topographic point in Malaysia. This facet has appeared to hold been extremely motivated for different grounds than traditional touristry. The civilization and heritage has over the old ages attracted the attending of the tourer stockholders and has grown to go a immense market topographic point. Malaya does non incorporate a unitary civilization but it could be perceived to be diverse in world because of the racial differences. Malaya is made up of three nationalities: Malayans. who are said to be the first and original dweller of this land has the largest population of 50 % . the Chinese are said to hold migrated into this state in the early twentieth century for concern and became really relevant subscriber to the state constructing through their impact in successful trade and the battle for independency. The Chinese are said to take 30 % portion of the population of Malaysia. and eventually the Indians who besides migrated into this state in the early yearss of colonial epoch take 20 % portion of the population. These three races have differences in civilization that is doing Malaysia to hold a major discovery in touristry as the stockholders in this sector have harness the cultural difference to convey about beauty and wealth into this land alternatively of pandemonium. This cultural plangency has been manifested and successful through the promotional slogan thrust Malaysia Truly Asia and the current motto that is moving as a accelerator to the integrity and growing of the state in touristry. which is 1 Malaysia . Malaya is besides known for its typical multicultural architecture with strong Islamic. Chinese. Indian and western influences ; which have been portrayed in the heritage edifices. Malaysia’s heritage elements for touristry are: historic sites. alone local civilizations and historic edifices are common in many historic provinces and metropoliss in Malaysia. The stock list of heritage edifices reveals that over 30. 000 heritage edifices are located in 162 metropoliss throughout the state said ( Idid. 1996 ) this figure shows that 69. 6 % of this heritage edifices are shop houses that are built before World War II. These edifices have contributed their quota to the success of the touristry industry in Malaysia whereby the alone colonial architectural manners of edifices is playing a major function in the creative activity of historic provinces and metropolis such as: Ipoh. Kuala Lumpur. Kuching. George Town and Taiping. In order to prolong these edifices and to do them deserving much roots by pretermiting the negative impact of the past into a gross for more fiscal income that will hike the economic system of the state. the nutriment and direction of these civilization and heritage edifices was placed under the Ministry of Tourism and civilization. uniting section of Culture from Ministry of Culture. Young persons and Sports with the Malayan Tourism Department Corporation from the ministry of Trade and Industries. but the ministry was subsequently renamed into ministry of civilization. Humanistic disciplines and Tourism and besides subsequently dualised into two dividers such Ministry of touristry and Ministry of Culture. Humanistic disciplines and Heritage ( Kraftangan Malayisa ) . This structural accommodation has a great consequence on the concentration and duties of each section without softening responsibilities and duties. Some of the bureaus placed under this ministry are: National Art and Gallery. Department of Museum and Antiquities. Malayan Handicrafts. national Archives. National Art academy. national library and the Culture Palace including the National Film Development Corporation ( Finas ) . Reports shows that this gesture was carried out to beef up the ministries but might hold an impact on the focal point of cultural and heritage touristry in the nearest hereafter. Challenges and Issues facing Culture/Heritage touristry There is no uncertainty that rapid growing in Malayan touristry has relied to a great extent on the country’s natural heritage including the many offshore islands along both the western and eastern coastlines of the peninsula. together with protected nature militias. Promoting heritage and civilization is confronting several implicit in issues in Malaysia that are comparatively complex to the society life in Malaysia. Some of the issues cut across so many countries such as: Whose civilization is to be promoted? Though Malaysia is proud of being a multicultural society that is continually promoted on the media as 1-Malaysia and Truly Asia . the inquiry at the head of this media slogan call is that whose civilization should be promoted? The Chinese and Indians society are experiencing marginalised that their civilizations are non good promoted in the touristry prospectus provided by the authorities. which has been a major concern for the other parties as their civilization are thrown behind the media forepart. Similar issue of call was besides raised by the Malays in Penang and Malacca during the nomination procedure for the listing of Penang and Malacca into the universe heritage metropolis. This cultural group believes that the listings do non favor them and the island’s Malay history is non giving consideration in this regard. They felt that the listing of the 12000 heritage edifices were colonial edifices and the Malays therefore calls it a new colonisation of the state. keening on why their colonial yesteryear has to be glorified by their authorities. Authentic versus Staged Culture by ( Prof Badaruddin M ) Tourism in Malaysia has been transformed to go a important factor in the development of civilization and heritage in two ways: as a support and as a menace. Culture has the potency of back uping or suppressing the growing of touristry. There has so far been no specific effort to analyze the value of cultural attractive forces from the point of position of the tourers. Tourism governments and promotional advisers merely assume that the cultural elements of a plural society are attractive. Further inquiries can be raised as to whether it is the staged culture’ or the street culture’ that is more appealing to foreigners. Harmonizing to Kadir Din ( 1997 ) . street culture’ depicts the scenes of mundane life that can be readily observed by tourers in their natural scene. as opposed to staged culture’ which refers to plan staged presentations. which are specifically prepared for the tourer. Not until late does Malaysia began to recognize the values embedded in the importance of heritage touristry because of the inflow of tourers into the state for cultural heritage visit and how it has generated significant income for he state. Malaysia has long old ages of association with imperial states such as Portugal. Japan. and Britain. From findings Malaysia is said to possess two major natural universe heritage sites in Kinabalu Park and Gunung Mulu National Park. Kadir Din ( 1997 ) concludes that in footings of authorities allotments of financess for touristry. and of coverage by the promotional media. at that place seems to be a belief that staged civilization contributes more to tourism than street civilization. As mentioned above. the nomination of Penang and Melaka includes the preservation of cultural elements of the society. However. with so much force per unit area and development that have taken topographic point. one may inquire how this society can conserve its cultural elements to stay reliable. We may besides inquire whether what is left is still reliable? A similar remark can be made on the theatrical production of the monolithic festival of Citrawarna’ . A cultural parade of assorted cultural groups in Malaysia. Possibly copying the success of the Samba Festival in Brazil or the New Orleans Parade or possibly the Gion Matsuri ( festival ) in Kyoto Japan. the Citrawarna Malaysia has a batch of colorss but lack genuineness and besides history! Safety and security for touristry in Malaya Malaysia as a touristry finish for 1000000s of people around the universe. one of the greatest concerns for tourer is the issue of safety and security. Although Malaysia has suffered from several other lesser crises including economic crises amongst others. with touristry progressively threatened by international terrorist act such as terrorist act aiming tourers in Indonesia. Mombasa. Kenya in October 2002 severally. and Bombay in India. and in the Philippines. which is continuously presenting greater challenges. concerns and frights towards sustainability of touristry in Asia. Another major recent bad lucks that will increase the frights of tourer taking Malaysia as their tourer finish is the instance of spiritual crisis that emanated from the statement between the Catholic Church and the Islamic fundamentalist in Malaysia that resulted into the arson onslaught against some churches in some major metropoliss in Malaysia. Religion being a sensitive countries and has been used by some spiritual fundamentalists of different religion to jump up political and economic crisis around the Earth might direct a incorrect signal to tourers who have chosen this portion of the universe as their tourer finish. I have lived in Malaysia for academic activities and. I can attest positively to the rate of credence of aliens by the locals. the peaceable co-existence among the frogmans cultural groups in Malaysia. I can attest to the security step by the authorities through the constabulary and other jurisprudence enforcement bureaus. I can attest to ocular security camera engineering festooned around the main roads and sensitive countries around Malaysia to control offenses and bad lucks and to guarantee safety and security of life and belongingss. I can attest to the uninterrupted and foolproof communicating systems available around the nooks and crevice of Malaysia for faster communicating and study bringing. these and more are one of the fastnesss of Malaysia to supply equal security steps to guarantee safety for tourers. Crisis direction is one the anchor of tourer finishs and it has been a recognised construct since 1962 during the Cuban missile crisis. Crisis direction is good established in developed states than developing states but Malaysia being driven by finding for competition with developed states can non be underestimated when it comes to crisis direction. Malaysia recognises what it means to be recognised as the preferable location for tourists’ finish and they are populating up to and transcending the outlooks of their visitants. I have no concern inquiring excessively many inquiries on how they have been able to get the better of the challenges of crisis direction as I bumped into to pre-crisis analysis on Safety and security in touristry: relationships. direction. and selling ( By Colin Michael Hall. Dallen J. Timothy. and David Timothy Duval ) . which reveals how crisis direction can be better improved by through pre-crisis analysis. Malaya has history of crisis that can be learnt from but non every bit much in footings of international touristry. Lessons can be derived from crisis history of other state and the challenges they face and how they were able to get the better of these challenges. United States of America. United Kingdom. and Australia among others are the states that Malaysia has derived lessons from when it comes to crisis direction to further their touristry concern. Both the preparation and rating of a crisis direction program may be a beginning of trouble particularly in touristry given the disconnected nature of the industry. Testimonies gathered from people around the universe who have chosen Malaysia as their tourer finish have had cause to come over and over once more based on the delicious experience encountered in their old visit. Reports on the growing of tourers each twelvemonth from 2000 to day of the month has shown enormous addition in the concern of touristry in Malaysia. The negative economic impacts of touristry There are different factors that pose negative economic impacts on touristry. in instance where tourers don’t esteem the traditions. civilization or local life manner of tourer finish. or seasonal occupations such as people are merely employed when there are merely high inflow of tourer. which can take to high rates of unemployment. moreover. occupations involved in the touristry industry are seasonal and non good paid. this can be really unsafe for states that has full become dependent on touristry as their chief beginning of gross. The attendant consequence of all these factors frequently leads to: Infrastructure and incidental cost Economic independency Escape And rising prices Infrastructure and incidental cost. this state of affairs could happen when there is record or reception of high degree of harm on substructures than the sum earn from tourer visits Economic dependance. if Malaysia finally entirely dependent on touristry may present danger to their economic system. this can do the touristry sector to alter nightlong because of the natural catastrophe. terrorist act. altering consumer gustatory sensation and economic recession in the beginning of the state. Leakage. if Malaysia becomes a victim of escape the high proportion of the money spent by tourers that leaves the state. Therefore. escape can hold major impact in 3 countries such as: Tourist purchase of goods and services that have been imported. Hotels and other touristry related concerns and organisation import goods/foods as the local merchandise are non available or non up to the needed criterions Net incomes are repatriated by foreign proprietors of hotels and other services. Inflation could spike up goods and services in general degree of monetary values or a autumn in the buying power of money. Therefore. touristry can increase the value or monetary value of land. edifice etc. Tourists’ perceptual experiences and outlooks on the service quality in Malaysia touristry industry Malaysia ranks 6th amongst the preferable finish for Chinese travelers after Macau. Hong Kong. Singapore. Korea and Thailand. as per a survey by Taylor Nelson Sofres ( TNS ) . a planetary market penetration and information group. From this statement one can infer that Malaysia still missing in some countries that can draw more forces than their rivals. The secret lies in dynamic nature of other Asiatic states that happened to hold drawn more clients than the other. This might a strong belief in the spiritual tenseness that pops up intermittently within the state and more so Malaysia can foster tackle all the untapped touristry resources that are yet to outgrown research countries. Decision Like its Asean neighbours. Malaysia excessively regards touristry as a really of import sector that brings the much-needed foreign exchange. new occupations and concerns. The positive societal economic impact on a tourer finish can non be stressed plenty as Gartner ( 1996. pp. 64 ) . the money brought into an country through the procedure of hosting tourers provides more economic returns than merely the amount of the outgos accruing to the few concerns that come in direct contact with tourers. The impact of touristry in a state benefits all sectors of an economic system as the benefits from all these sectors can besides still be used prolonging the development patterns of the host state. Tourism has over the old ages been good every bit good as harmful for local economic systems. The argument goes on that whether it is blight or a approval? Experiences of finish vary in this respect. However. yesteryear records have shown that if touristry is non developed and managed decently negative impacts will take over and kill the finish in the long tally. Necessitate an essay? You can purchase try aid from us today! Read more: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. ukessays. com/essays/tourism/the-impact-of-tourism-in-malaysian-society-tourism-essay. php # ixzz2iG9YI9kb

Maritime Transportation Industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Maritime Transportation Industry - Essay Example However, the maritime transportation industry could be considered as having reached its peak and is now falling out of popularity due to the many problems and challenges the industry is now facing. These problems are listed and discussed in the following: Unlike trucks and planes, ships operate in a much more extreme environment. The ship, exposed to highly-corrosive and oxidative seawater, develops rust easily and can have its parts heavily damaged in just one delivery especially if it encountered storms during the trip. Compounding the problem is the incrustation of ship hulls, particularly the underside, by bacteria, algae and other sea organisms. Incrustations destroy paint making it easier for the metal of the ship to corrode. A heavy layer of organisms increases drag and leads to higher fuel costs. It can also cause accidents, impaired navigational ability and even the loss of the vessel. These are grave problems unique only to the maritime shipping industry which makes it more dangerous than other transportation method. (GAO, 2002) One big problem with the maritime transportation industry is that it is very sensitive to instabilities in the industry. In the 1980s, the changing pattern of international trade combined with rapid technological developments resulted in many structural and technological changes in the world shipping industry (Sussman, 2002). The fast rise and fall of other industries that were sources of job orders of the maritime industry meant that there could be a rapid decline or surge in seaborne trade. A decline could wreak havoc in the maritime transport industry because the maritime transport fleet is unable to respond quickly as existing tonnage cannot be easily redeployed and contractual obligations for the construction or order of additional ships cannot be easily removed without substantial financial penalties. This characteristic of maritime transport could lead to excess tonnage situations such as what happened in the 1970s when seaborne trade started to diminish, especially in the pe troleum trades. The result was that there was a severe imbalance between supply and demand which peaked in 1983 when surplus tonnage amounted to 28.5% of the world fleet. This means that when there is a decline in maritime trade, the maritime transport would easily suffer from huge losses incurred in contract obligations and fall out of the industry which creates a void in suppliers of the service. (Department of Transportation, 2007; Pedraja, 1994) 2.3 Restrictive Shipping Practices According to Donn (2006), unlike air and land transport of goods,

Critical Thinking and Language Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Critical Thinking and Language - Essay Example Today, we have the powerful desire to know what is going on and how we fit in the larger picture of the society. More than before, we need to engage in systematic and extensive communications in upward, downward, and lateral directions. By being able to acquire language mastery which involves grammar, spelling, use of words, intonation and others, we will be able to make good use of our language skills to our advantage. This will be a powerful tool for us to successfully resolve conflicts, make sound decisions and provide smart solutions as well as improve the statues of our social relationships. Social organizations cannot exist without language and communication. Language has already become a part of different cultures for different nations have their own national language and even their own set of dialects. Language has already been a part of every country's national heritage and also one of the pillars of their national identity. Since language may vary from one nation to another, this brings about the diversity in language. With this characteristic of language, people are able to interact with other people from different nationalities and having different cultural backgrounds. We are also able to communicate with people from any age, gender, ethnicity and religion due to diversity in language. This way, we are able to share our knowledge and expertise to people from across the globe. As an example, diversity in language can be exemplified by the communication between men and women. Research on gender-based communication styles has begun to show more fascinating diversity between two groups. Numerous studies have explored whether men and women use different communication styles. In general, men and women display marked diversity in the way in which they communicate. Men emphasize power, while women stress rapport; men are more likely than women to claim credit for accomplishments; men tend to downplay their uncertainty rather than admit it; women asks questions to learn more, while men fear that asking questions will make them look ignorant. How does language empower or limit the expression of our thoughts Language serves as our medium for communication and expression. Every idea that our mind perceives and process will be rendered useless unless they are expressed though language. Language can work to our advantage or disadvantage depending on how well we know how to make language work for us. The more we know about language such as semantics, phonetics, use of words and grammar, the higher the possibility of getting our message or ideas across successfully. Nearly language is considered symbolic; that is it is achieved using symbols, (words, pictures, actions) that suggest certain meanings. Semantic barriers are examples of how language may limit our expression of thoughts as well understanding other people's thoughts. Semantic barriers arise from limitations in symbols with which we communicate. Symbols usually have a variety of meanings, and we have to choose one meaning from many. Sometimes we choose the wrong meaning and misunderstanding occurs. This is particularly likely with use of jargons, which is the specialized language of a group. Jargon can include the use of acronyms, slang (words unique to an ethnic or racial group), or

State of Personal Computers Market in the UK Assignment

State of Personal Computers Market in the UK - Assignment Example In other words, the portable PC must not necessarily have big memory or storage space since it can retrieve data from the centric server within the company (Gillam, 2010). Several companies adopted this technology, hence increased sale of the portable PC but reduced sales of desktops. A good VDI network may comprise of at least one desktop with over 70 portable PC depending on the size of the company. Other clouding technology also followed and led to a further increase in sales of portable PCs. The graph below shows a non-uniform decrease in PCs’ prices as time (in years) advances. Increase in PCs producing firms There have been increases in the number of mobile PC companies venturing into the market. These include Samsung which manufactured laptops, net books, notebooks, tablets and mini laptops among other portable PCs. Apple manufactures iMacs and iPhones among other portable PCs. These products had advanced and efficient applications and specifications that later attracte d more customers. Majority shipped their desktops to developing nations while some were treated as electronic wastes. The younger generations were compelled to purchase the portable the portable gadgets since they have social media applications like twitter, Facebook and Skype among other applications. The products also came in smaller sizes but attractive shapes and colors to attract more customers (Bradley, 2005). The aspect of compatibility also enhanced increased demand for the products. One can easily connect his/her portable computer with the sound system or flat screen televisions for entertainment purpose. The companies have stiff competition with regular advancement of the portable computers which has kept the demand on a steady growing trend, since majority dump or ship their... This paper offers a comprehensive theoretic economic analysis of high price elasticity of the demand for personal computers in the UK market. In the 2007, the market of personal computers in the UK recorded an estimated net worth of 12.27 billion USD. This increased to 12.81 billion USD in the year 2008 (4.4 % increase). The market PC market continued to depreciate to about 11.77 billion USD by the end of the year 2009. However, the same report indicates the market worth was on a growing trend from 2005 until 2008, from which the PC market worth started depreciating.There are several factors that boosted the increase in the PC market worth between 2005 and 2008. Several companies register an increase in sales of portable or mobile personal computers. The introduction of the portable PC in the markets attracted more customers The law of demand and supply states the demand will increase as the price decreases and other factors held constant. However, this economic principle does not apply in the personal computer business. Since 2005, the price for the personal computers has been on a falling trend despite continuous growth in demand. Different markets have different demand, price and supply relations depending on the prevailing economic status as well as the countries demographic characteristics among some factors. Different nations also have different policies or legislations to control its business. The aspect of a global description of the elastic curve with respect to the personal computers is a challenge.

The US and UK takeover regulations

The US and UK takeover regulations A takeover of a public company is the purchase of one company whose shares are listed on a stock exchange by another. Empirical evidence on takeovers suggests that they generally create value. The question is why have the UK and U.S- two countries with ostensibly similar systems of corportate governance taking different routes when it comes to regulating takeovers. A rich analysis draws from each countrys historical development, focusing on the shareholder-oriented regulations in the UK and the defence managerial tactics employed in the U.S. This paper would critically analyse the views of the writers of the Divergence of U.S and UK Takeover Regulation written by Armour and Skeel JR, both well seasoned Professors of Law, a thorough analysis would be made of hostile takeovers and the reasons why takeover tactics in the UK is regarded as a better option. An analytical framework would be used explain the diversity in the systems of takeover in the UK and the U.S. subordinate lawmakers such as Judges have had the herculean task of filling the unintended vacuum and consequences of legislation in the two countries that had other objectives at the time of enactment. An examination of the way regulations took shape in the UK and the U.S as the goal is to gain an understanding of the defensive tactics adopted and used frequently in the U.S but is frowned at and has dire consequences if adopted in the UK. Earlier case examples from each jurisdiction would be analysed to gain understanding of why different takeover regulations are used. In the UK, defensive tactics by target managers are prohibited, whereas in the U.S, Delaware law gives managers a good deal of room to manoeuvre  [1]  . The primary focus of this essay is to provide a simple yet thorough framework to understanding defence tactics, what it is; why it is so successful in the U.S and is prohibited in the UK. Clearly the two ways of takeover regulations appear to work fairly well in each jurisdiction and despite the authors of the articles view one must never forget that because the UK methods seem more share holder oriented and works very well, it does not mean there is any anything wrong with the method used in the U.S. In a takeover bid, accounting and law firms are hired to conduct Due Diligence- Lawyers review contracts, agreements, leases, current and pending litigation and all other outstanding or potential liability obligations so that the buyer can have a better understanding of the target companys binding agreements as well as overall legal related exposure. The facilities in the company and capital equipment also need to be inspected so as to avoid unreasonable expenditures in the first few months of acquisition  [2]  . The first section of the essay would look at an overview of the history of business law development and corporate governance in the UK and the U.S. the takeover development and institutional responses to them. The second part looks at the US and UK takeover regulations and their differences. Also legislation that have been implemented and the fact that despite legislation, subordinate lawmakers make rules that govern the process of takeovers. Who are these subordinate lawmakers and why do they appear to have so much discretion as to what becomes a rule? They include a diverse range of characters from Judges to interest groups (Institutional investors). The identity of the subordinate lawmaker, in turn has major consequences for both the substance and the enforcement of the regulatory rules  [3]  . Various case examples would be used to explain the difference in takeover methodology in the UK and the U.S, objectives of takeovers, the disciplinary hypotheses of the importance of ta keover regulations. Finally, proposed reforms in the US and UK and a conclusive summary on the issues of hostile takeover tactics. History The UK and the US are distinguished from other jurisdictions based on their high levels of takeover activities; in contrast Europe has a little or no market for corporate control (Franks and Mayer, 1996). The UK does not have the federalist structure of the U.S which does not allow room for corporate managers to exert influence. In the U.S the Delaware jurisdiction became the sole source of rules on takeovers more so, hostile takeovers. The U.S takeover regulations give target managers discretion to defend a bid whereas in the UK the shareholders make the decision. Delaware have a monopoly and is home to about 60% of the largest corporations in the country. Due to the amount of tax and other benefits that Delaware State enjoys from these corporations the State is attentive to the managers needs and the state lawmakers have an incentive to keep the managers content. The Legal rules have to be amenable so that unprecedented cases can be brought cheaply and quickly after has been a chan ge in business practices so as to allow the precedent cases to be developed and updated. The Delaware takeover doctrine was firmly established in the 1990s- that US institutional investors became a significant force in corporate governance  [4]  unlike their UK counterparts that embraced the importance of the concept of institutional investors. Corporate takeovers tend to improve not only the stock prices of the companies involved but also the stock market overall. Although there is a substantial increase in the targets companys stock price, the outcome for the acquirer and the market over time however is considerably negative. Also some ill-fated takeovers turn into an embarrassment for the parties involved for example the merger in 1996 of San Francisco banking giant Wells Fargo and its Los Angeles rival First Interstate Bancorp in an $11.6bn hostile takeover, the merge led to many of the latter companies executives leaving, account errors appeared in the companys account and the problems were visible to the customers. In the UK, lawyers play a relatively little role in takeover bids, complaints and law suits are made to the Takeover Panel located in the London Stock Exchange building. The Takeover Panel includes representatives from the Stock Exchange, the Bank of England, major merchant banks and institutional investors  [5]  . The Takeover Panel is a body that administers a set of rules known as the City Code on Takeovers and Mergers. The Panel and the rules were self-regulatory until around 2007 when the EU directives have been implemented into the UKs regulations and have a statutory underpinning designed with the objective of maintaining the characteristic features of the Panels approach, which is based on self-regulation. In the U.S however, takeover regulations are moderated principally by the Securities and Exchange Commission which ensures that disclosure and process rules are adhered to. A managers response to a takeover bid in the U.S is regulated primarily by the Delawares Chancer y Judges and Supreme Court- the key players here are lawyers and judges. U.S takeover Takeover offers are regulated under the Williams Act Amendments to the Securities and Exchange Act (SEC) 1934. The act was created to provide governance of securities exchange in the stock market, all the companies listed on the stock exchange must follow its requirements. The SEC is regarded as relatively share-holder friendly, however managers are known to sometimes adopt a hostile approach to takeovers and they adopt defence mechanisms such as poison pills or shareholder right plan which are designed to ward off a hostile bidders stake particularly if the bidder acquires more than a specified proportion of target stock, usually 10-15 percent. The poison pill is a defence tactic that allows companies to thwart hostile takeover bids from other companies, examples of the poison pill include Flip-over Rights Plan, Flip-in Rights Plan, poison debt, voting poison pill plan etc. The managers of a company that use the poison pill defence and a staggered board of directors have almost complete discretion to resist an unwanted takeover bid, the poison pill is a method that is slowly declining in the last couple of years. The U.S tender offers are generally not share holder friendly, in the case of Atmel Corp a maker of microchips used in video game controllers, successfully defeated a challenge by investors using the poison pill tactic. Some shareholders who sued over the failed buyout by Microchip Technology Inc stated that the revisions made by Atmel were vague, a Delaware state judge rules in Atmel Corps favour. State statute such as Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law furthers the federal policy of investor protection. It was enacted to protect shareholders from the coerciveness of two-tier offers by preventing the offer unless the targets board of directors and in some instances the shareholders approves, the legislation has been successful in stopping such coercive practices. Section 203 also gives target boards some authority in resisting unwelcome, under priced tender offers that are not beneficial to shareholders. In the BNS Inc v Koppers Co., the U.S District Court explained that Section 203 does not stop the aims of the William Act even though it may give target boards significant advantage in preventing un-solicited takeovers. To the contrary, the statute may have substantial deterrent effects on tender offersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦so long as hostile offers which are beneficial to target shareholders have a meaningful opportunity for success. Section 203 does not have to let bad offers succeed to be constitutional, and in fact, if it did let bad offers succeed, it would frustrate, and not further, the Williams Acts purpose of investor protection. In BNS , the district court concluded that, on this record, the statute appears to offer hostile bidders the necessary degree of opportunity to effect a business combination and upheld the statute  [6]  . Another example is the recent April 2011 hostile takeover battle in the U.S between Tenet a hospital chain resisting a $7billion takeover by rival Community Health Systems. Tenet filed a lawsuit stating serious allegations that Community Health Systems is an unfit acquirer because the company has been systematically defrauding Medicare, evidence to support Tenets claim was provided. Not only is this allegation posed to resist a takeover, it can also potentially damage the reputation of Community Health Systems. This case ranks high in the pantheon of aggressive counter punches. The health care in the U.S remains the most targeted industry since 2009 with $179.1bn; accounting for 22.9% of total U.S targeted volume  [7]  . Another case example was AOLs purchase of Time Warner for $164bn at the height of the internet mania; it remains the largest corporate merger in American history  [8]  . Bidders are more likely to enter into negotiations with the targets board which results in a friendly transaction than them making a hostile offer directly to the shareholders. UK Takeover In contrast to the U.S, the UK takeover regulation is shareholder oriented. Managers in the UK are not permitted to make use of any frustrating defence tactics when there is a takeover bid without the shareholders permission unlike their U.S counterparts. The Takeover Code only becomes relevant when there is a bid therefore managers can take advantage of less stringent ex ante regulations well before any takeover bids come to light  [9]  . J.Armour, D.A. Skeel, JR, in their article; The Divergence of the U.S. and UK Takeover Regulation state that the UKs ban on defensive tactics by managers clearly makes it easier for hostile bids to succeed. It is bewildering to find that while the U.S adopts defence tactics measures, figures show that hostile takeovers are less likely to succeed there than in the UK. Case Examples in the UK In Jan 2010, Cadbury ended its nearly 200 years of independence after it was acquired by Kraft, a U.S food giant for 11.9bn pounds. The acquisition led to media frenzy and revived concern over the UK slowly becoming a so-called branch office for foreign companies, the UK Government was powerless to protect Cadbury, a heritage and one of the oldest companies in the country from foreign investment. The financial times stated in a article that erecting barriers is not the answer, the key to solving the problem of foreign business moving their head offices to more favourable jurisdictions is to make Britain an appealing business location, with a skilled workforce and a predictable tax regime. Another case example is the Vodafone-Mannesmann acquisition in 2002 which is still referred to a lot by economists and critics. There have been concerns that hostile takeovers can take place provided that there is a simple majority vote from shareholders. The Government wants reforms to change this to two-thirds of shareholders and the bidders must be subject to the same rules. Figure 1 below shows that the performance effects of takeovers differ by industry, some industries such as insurance companies have a higher number of takeover bids as opposed to banks that have a lower number. Figure 1 Beneficial Ownership of UK shares end-2008 (Source: Office of National Statistics, Share Ownership 2008) Difference between the US and UK takeover regulations The most significant difference between the two countries is not the substance but the mode of regulation. The U.S depends on formal law such as the Delaware law while self-regulation is the norm in the UK. In the Kraft-Cadbury takeover in the UK there was an outcry for change in the regulation as Cadbury was unable to defend itself to the same extent as a US company in similar circumstances, control decisions were made not by the directors but by short term investors. Leading U.S law firms such as Wachtell, Lipson and Cravath that specialise in Mergers and Acquisition (Hereafter MA) oriented practice generate significantly more revenue per lawyer than their UK counterparts. Importance of Takeovers- Disciplinary Hypothesis A takeover is sometimes used as a measure to restructure poorly performing companies. Critics and economics have long argued that the likelihood of competition in capital markets and the threat of a takeover is an incentive to discipline self-interested managers. Many writers have suggested a ban on the defence takeover tactics used in the U.S, such as the poison pills, golden parachutes and white knights- stating that these tactics more often than not are used purely for the managers/directors self interest. There have been numerous attempts by the Congress to set up legislative measures to prevent this out right abuse of power by the company managers and to protect the interests of the shareholders. There are however two hypotheses for the purpose of these defences: the shareholder hypothesis (SIH) and the management entrenchment hypothesis (MEH). The SIH is used purely to keep and satisfy the interests of shareholders whilst the MEH is used by the managers/directors of the company intended to be takeover to act in the interest of the shareholders for fear of losing their jobs if the takeover is successful, the end result of the MEH is usually that the shareholders would lose out on takeover premiums that the offeror would have paid. This leads one to question whether the managers pursuing their self interests is a breach of their fiduciary duties to the company and its shareholders, as they have a duty to act in the best interest of the company first and foremost. The managers may use the argument that the two hypothesis work together and that the main reasons for the defence tactics is not for their self interest but to maximise the wealth of the shareholders, a valid argument I daresay, both conflicting views are obviously utmost in the strategies of the management in a takeover power tussle. In the U.S the courts when determining whether a company management is in breach of its fiduciary duties look at the Business Judgement Rule- which provides that a court should evaluate decisions by directors to employ an anti-takeover defence in the same way as they would evaluate any other business judgement  [10]  . Basically anti-takeover defence tactics must be reasonable in relation to the threat posed and made in good faith. If the companys corporate value or shareholders interest could be harmed due to the acquisition of its shares by a specific person or group, the company needs to take substantial measures to raise corporate value and secure shareholders interests to the extent permitted by laws, regulation, and the companys Articles of Incorporation  [11]  . In the UK, the takeover code states in Rule 19.1 that public criticism is one of the disciplinary measures available to the Panel. Rule 19.1 states that each document or advertisement published or statement made, during the course of an offer must be prepared with the highest standards of care and accuracy and the information given must be adequately and fairly presented  [12]  . For example in the Kraft takeover case of 2010, the company promised to keep operational some Cadbury factories, but failed to do so, this led to a public criticism from the press and the Takeover Panel. OBJECTIVES OF TAKEOVER Takeover or merger, in practice, depends upon the motives of the persons behind such move. Generally, the following types of decision limit their choice for a particular firm in which takeover or merger activity could be organised: (1) Acquisition of shares in the target company; (2) Acquisition of the assets of the target companys undertaking; (3) Acquisition for full or part ownership of the target undertaking; (4) Acquisition for cash or for shares or other securities of the Offeror Company or combination of cash and variety of securities; There is not one single reason for a takeover but a multiple of reasons cause which are precisely discussed below: Synergistic operating economies: It is assumed that existing undertakings are operating at a level below optimum. But when two undertakings combine their resources and efforts they with combined effort produce better result than two separate undertakings because of savings in operating costs, combined sale offices, staff facilities, plant management etc which lower the operating costs. Thus the resultants economies are synergistic operating economy. These gains are most likely to occur in horizontal mergers in which there more chances for eliminating duplicate facilities, vertical and multinational mergers do not offer these economies. Diversification: Takeover are motivated with the objective to diversify the activities so as to avoid putting all the eggs in one basket and obtain advantage of joining the resources for enhanced debt financing and better service it shareholders. Such takeovers result in conglomerate undertakings. But critics hold that diversification caused takeover of companies does not benefit the shareholders as they can get better returns by having diversified portfolios by holding individual shares of these companies. Taxation advantage: Takeover take place to have benefit of tax laws and company having accumulated losses may merge with profit earning company that will shield the income from taxation. Growth advantage: Takeovers are motivated with a view to sustain growth or to acquire growth. To develop new areas becomes costly, risky and difficult than to acquire a company in a growth sector even though the acquisition is on premium rather than investing in a new assets or new establishments. (http://jurisonline.in/2011/03/takeover-a-critical-analysis/ Assessed 12th April 2011) Reforms in the UK There was an urgent need for reforms in the UK takeover regulation after acquisition of Cadbury by Kraft. The following are some of the proposed reforms. Proposals to give target companies more protection under the Takeover Code The Government wants the simple majority vote by shareholders to be changed to a two-thirds of shareholders in other to ensure that as many shareholders as possible are supportive of the takeover. The prohibition of any offer related arrangement e.g implementation agreements Reducing the put up or shut up deadline from 2months to 28days- This means that a potential bidder must announce a firm intention to make an offer, declare no intention or ask for an extension of the deadline. If no bid is announced the bidder is excluded out of the market for six months. There have been criticisms that the 28day period is not enough time for bidders to undertake due diligence and arrange financing. Detailed disclosure of advisory fees- there is no requirement at the moment under the Takeover Code for advisory fees to be disclosed. It is intended that any offer-related fees be disclosed in the offer document and targets response. This includes legal advice, accounting and consulting advice, broking advice etc. The proposal disclosure changes are not controversial and in fact tally with the current system in the U.S. Greater disclosure of debt facilities and other instruments to finance an offer- a bidders financing arrangements should be disclosed in any offer documents. This need for transparency and accountability may be prompted due to the recent financial crisis in the UK Provision of better protection of the interests of employees of the target company These proposals were made in March 2011 and a consultation period is open until the 17th of May 2011 after which the UK Panel will then issue a statement with the final version of the amendment, the amendments will be adopted into the UK Takeover Code later in the year  [13]  . Conclusion Even before the financial crisis there have been fundamental reassessments of the value of takeovers in the UK and the U.S. Since the financial crisis most board of directors and managers have been more concerned with running their businesses and staying afloat than with chasing expansion through takeovers. This factual point is true when the probability of a successful merger is far less certain, as in hostile takeover attempts. A hostile takeover presents executive board leaders with unique organisation and people challenges. It is often very difficult to overcome the challenges of acquiring and integrating an organisation and people especially after a hostile takeover. Times like this need a higher level of strategic thinking, flexibility and innovative problem solving  [14]  . This paper finds that the UK takeover regulation despite its numerous advantages is prone to hostile takeovers due to its compliance with upholding the interests of shareholders, while this hostile takeovers act as a form of disciplinary function by restructuring poor performing companies and improving their performance, evidence above stated shows that hostile targets in most cases experience a significant decline in profits and share returns in the first year of acquisition. Despite the criticisms of the U.S system of regulation, hostile takeovers are in decline due to the level of discretion given to the executive directors and managers by the legislation that provides antitakeover regulations that are enshrined in the corporate charters and/or state legislation. Also in a self regulated system like the UK, institutional investors who own majority of the shares in UK quotes companies shaped the Takeover Code. BIBLIOGRAPGHY http://www.guardian.co.uk/business http://www.mallesons.com/MarketInsights/marketAlerts/2011/UKPanel-Takeover-Code-Reforms/Pages/default.aspx John Armour, Jack B. Jacorbs Curtis J. Milhaupt, The Evolution of Hostile Takeover Regimes in Developed and Emerging Markets: An Analytical Framework, 52 Harv. Intl L.J. 219 (2011) J Coffee. Regulating the Market for Corporate Control: A Critical Assessment of the Tender Offers Role in Corporate Government, 84 Columbia Law Review 1145 (1984), copyright Columbia Law Review Association, Inc. T I Ogowewo. The inequality in takeovers, Journal of International Banking Law and Regulation 178 (2008), reproduced by permission of the publishers, Sweet and Maxwell Ltd Dolbeck, A. Hard to Swallow: Poison Pills on the Decline Weekly Corporate Growth Report, 22nd March 2004, 1-3 Hermalin, B.E Weisbech, M.S., 1991. The Effects of Board Composition and Direct Incentives on Firm Performance, Papers 91-02, Rochester, Business-Financial Research and Policy Studies. J.H.Farrar, Business Judgement and Defensive Tactics in Hostile Takeover Bids (1989) 15 Can. Bus. L.J. 15 at 22 http://www.complianceweek.com/s/documents/DealogicGlobalReview.pdf (assessed 18th April 2011) Does Delaware Law Improve Firm Value? by Robert Daines. Journal of Financial Economics, Vol. 62 (2001) http://www.investopedia.com/articles/stocks/07/buyside_m_and_a.asp (Assessed 18th April 2011) Morck,R., Shleifer, A., Vishny, R., 1990. Do Managerial Objectives drive bad acquisitions? Journal of Finance, 31-48 http://www.cbr.cam.ac.uk