Autonomy and Responsibility in the Nazi Regime: Germany 1933-1939 Essay

Autonomy and Responsibility in the Nazi Regime Germany 1933-1939 oblige 231 of the Treaty of Versailles reads The Allied and Associated Governments affirm and Germany accepts the responsibility of Germany and her allies for causing all the loss and damage to which the Allied and Associated Governments and their nationals have been subjected as a consequence of the state of war imposed upon them by the aggression of Germany and her allies.(1) These words fueled the Nazi Partys rise to power and ignition of a Second World contend. After World War I, the Allies dissected, punished, and disarmed Germany to prevent the outbreak of another brutal war. Consequently, German lands, acquired by Nazi force, were given back to their original countries, and Germanys army was reduced to 100,000 men. In addition, Germany was trusty for paying immense retribution to all of the Allied Forces, causing German money to lose its value. The result of the Treaty of Versailles was a weakened Ger many, both martially and economically. The Weimar Republic, a liberal government set up after Germanys defeat, was inefficient in handling Germanys massive problems. Germanys ill state was the curtain call for a change in the Weimar administration, and Adolf Hitler led the push for a transformation. Once in power, Hitler designed laws that redefined the responsibilities of the citizen. The citizens duties would allow the Germany to regain her autonomy in the eyes of the world. Although the citizens worked to increase Germanys overrall welf ar, the earth did not attempt to improve individual well-being. The State held one responsibility. It must protect the lives of its people, so that the people can, in turn, carry out their duties for the S... ...ver, I carefully viewed its contents and found that it provided valuable information on Nazi propaganda, writings and speeches. The images I used in this report were taken from this site. In addition, many references are provi ded for further reading. http//nsdapmuseum.com This site is an unbiased historical perspective of the Nazi era. It provides valuable information about Nazi leaders, Nazi institutions, and Nazi propaganda. Also, links to other sites and biographies of the authors are listed. http//historyplace.com/worldwar2/riseofhitler/index.htm This site, dedicated to students and teachers, is updated daily. The organization of the site is haphazard, but the information provided is excellent. Detailed explanations of the Hitlers life and rule are included. Furthermore, links to other historical sites are listed at the score Places site.

The Contempt and Bitterness of Virginia Woolf Exposed in A Room of One

The Contempt and Bitterness of Virginia Woolf Exposed in A Room of Ones Own Virginia Woolf refuses the role society prescribes her. She stands up against glass ceilings, separate spheres, and double standards-cultural institutions that realize and uphold a weaker sex. In her writing, specifically A Room of Ones Own, she manifests her contempt and bitterness by advocating it is necessary for women to have five hundred pounds a grade and a lock on the door if you are to write fiction or poetry (769). However, to break and step above the institutions she criticizes, Woolf knows she cannot simply complain round her brothers years at Oxford while she stayed home with tutors-that would lead an audience to believe she has an axe to grind (quoted in Bartholomae and Petrosky, 750). Rather, she must strive for the calm collectedness of her male academician counterparts. This presents a problem for Woolf how does she convey the oppression of women-the passion behind her work-through an obje ctive and level voice? She needed a vehicle that could be neutral to that extent emotional, provocative but wise. Ultimately, Woolf needed a mask one that mimicked the reserved quality of men, yet allowed her to bare the thoughts of a woman subjected to societys mechanisms.Woolf found her solution in the persona Mary Beton, Mary Seton, Mary Carmichael, or byanynarneyouplease(751). Mary,Mary,orMary,quitecontrarytoWoolf, is a superb ballerinas prima donna of the highest caliber-she was sent to the front of the class not for punishment, but to set the par. She erudite earlier than the other girls to stay quiet for her superiors and to please them, even at the risk of pain Through years of training, conditioning and practice, performing en pointe h... ... the third house with such a confident air because she knew she was the best-the purse her mother gave her proved that. On a less frequent basis she remembers one girl who was in her class for a short time. This girl-the name Virgini a sounds familiar-always had a sloppy bun and leaned to the left in her pirouettes As Mary gets ready for a grand romp (that society has told her to attend) she wonders what ever happened to that girl. Works CitedBartholomae, David and Anthony Petrosky, eds. Ways of Reading An Anthology for Writers, Boston Bedford/St. Martins, 1999.Rich, Adrienne. When We Dead Awaken Writing as Re-Vision. Ways of Reading. Eds. David Bartholomae and Anthony Petrosky. Bedford/St. Martins, 1999. 603-620.Woolf, Virginia. A Room of Ones Own. Ways of Reading. Eds. David Bartholomae and Anthony Petrosky. Bedford/St. Martins, 1999. 750-778,

monkey :: essays research papers

KrZyAzNnBoI i understandDevilsInMePants + my lil bro needs to help me w/it DevilsInMePants i might brack itKrZyAzNnBoI ooKrZyAzNnBoI ic icDevilsInMePants and hes doin somethin eles secureDevilsInMePants ill c if hell come help me DevilsInMePants and ill good find a ok filmDevilsInMePants but ill b all milled up and stuffDevilsInMePants so brbKrZyAzNnBoI kDevilsInMePants hiDevilsInMePants this is Jesse broKrZyAzNnBoI supDevilsInMePants Jessi will b back she is lookin 4 a picKrZyAzNnBoI koolzKrZyAzNnBoI 8 36KrZyAzNnBoI oopsKrZyKrZyAzNnBoI malign boxDevilsInMePants okDevilsInMePants okok me bavkDevilsInMePants backKrZyAzNnBoI koolKrZyAzNnBoI got a pic yetz?DevilsInMePants yaya KrZyAzNnBoI koolhow monkeys live on a fram. DevilsInMePants backKrZyAzNnBoI koolKrZyAzNnBoI got a pic yetz?DevilsInMePants yaya KrZyAzNnBoI koolDevilsInMePants there was a gurl in the pic w/ me but i cut her out KrZyAzNnBoI oKrZyAzNnBoI okiesKrZyAzNnBoI just sne dme the nice picDevilsInMePants my bro is fucki n around w/ the pic nowKrZyAzNnBoI damnDevilsInMePants + we pitch to put it onto a disk KrZyAzNnBoI oKrZyAzNnBoI but u can just save t on ur compKrZyAzNnBoI and then delete it after u send it to meDevilsInMePants no because we have the scaner on a diff computerKrZyAzNnBoI oKrZyAzNnBoI my badzDevilsInMePants its ok u didnt knoKrZyAzNnBoI aitezzzDevilsInMePants im scaredKrZyAzNnBoI y?DevilsInMePants because DevilsInMePants i a shy preson KrZyAzNnBoI y u shy for?DevilsInMePants i dont think will like my pic KrZyAzNnBoI y notzKrZyAzNnBoI i havent even seen it yetzKrZyAzNnBoI and u already think i be that judgmentalDevilsInMePants i knoDevilsInMePants butKrZyAzNnBoI ...?DevilsInMePants no i dont think u r judgmental it just thatDevilsInMePants i kno u havent seen it yet that is wat i was talkin roundDevilsInMePants 1 min.KrZyAzNnBoI okDevilsInMePants His is James do you have paint for the computerKrZyAzNnBoI huhDevilsInopen the file u saved ur pic on

Privacy Concerns Essay -- Technology, DNA Databases

Privacy ConcernsMost studies exact shown that popular opinion holds that without a doubt national deoxyribonucleic acid databases have proved useful in criminal investigations (Wallace, 2006, pS27). The concept of a national DNA database has raised concern about secrecy and human rights as seen through and through the scope of of all timeyday safety. All of these concerns are elevated with databases include convicted, arrestee, innocent, and rehabilitated offenders (Suter, 2010, p339). Robin Williams of University of Duham (2006) asserts that The rapid implementation and continuing expansion of forensic DNA databases around the valet de chambre has been supported by claims about their effectiveness in criminal investigations and challenged by assertions of the resulting intrusiveness into individual privacy (p545).To determine the balance between privacy and public safety legislation must address many questions including (but not limited to) when is a sample required to be obta ined and by whom, is consent required, is force ever acceptable to obtain a sample, and which samples should be retained? Dr Katina Michael has reported that some instances that constitute acceptable DNA sample collection and storage (Table 4). The United States, England and Wales bring legislation that authorizes the collection of DNA from individuals arrested for violations of certain federal criminal laws and inclusion into the national DNA database of all profiles. Primary concerns focus these legal authorizations address privacy of a person and legal search and seizures of biological samples. For many countries like the United States there is a need to enact special legislation which light-emitting diode to delays in the implementation of DNA databases (Goodwin, et al., 2007, p102). In the United Sta... ...data from law enforcement databases for those who receive acquittals or whose convictions are overturned there is no reference to physical DNA samples (Lwin, 2010, p21). Hi storically, legislative proposals purpose indefinite retention of evidentiary DNA samples, however the US, unlike England and Wales, does not refer to retention periods for genetic information post strong belief completion. Individuals may find concern for personal genetic identifiers if the physical sample is retained post sentence completion, acquittal or if found innocent (Congressional enquiry Service, 2010, pp13-14 Beiber, 2002, p14). Studies assert the method of sample collection, accreditation of agencies collecting samples, legislative limits on retention periods for biometric information and a focus on balancing privacy and crime deterrence will structure a successful DNA database model.

Pursuing a PhD in English Literature Essay -- College Admissions Essay

Pursuing a PhD in English LiteratureEducation has always been the highest antecedence in my family. After attending university and graduate school in the US, my parents moved to Florida, turning down a masters in architecture at Harvard for my drive for a position at an engineering firm for my father. Still relatively new to this country and language, my mother established her own architectural firm. In the midst of this transition, both spatially and professionally, my parents insisted on sending my brother to an expensive private school. My mother was trying to get her own firm going at the snip and money was scarce. Yet the first priority was always to provide the best education for both my brother and myself no matter what the cost.Along with this focus on education, my parents have also seen it necessary to give us exposure to other cultures. Born into a family that is already multicultural, my very large extended family also helped in this regard. With relatives loca ted in Paris, Tokyo, Seoul, Chile, as well as being spread out through most of the US, we had the opportunity to travel extensively even early(a) on when money was scarce. These trips were always as much education as they were entertainment with a strong focus on exposing us to the arts. Museums, theater, and historical situate always took precedent over relaxation and leisure.As a result of this upbringing, I have always been extremely focused on my academic pursuits. In high school I participated in numerous competitions and had my curriculum restructured to challenge me. In the end, I graduated a year early, over-eager to go to college. In look backward this may have been a mistake. I fell into the stereotypical trap of assuming I could coast t... ...le fulfilling my parents own desires. Entering into academics fulfils their desires for a son with a graduate degree and a respectable career while maintaining my own interests. While my interests have developed beyond sim ple marvel for the texts, at the core I chose this particular path with the intent of working with something I love. Thus, my multicultural background has provided me with the education and the focus I needed. However it at the same time hindered my interests, for a while at least. It is a continuing struggle to balance my Korean heritage with my American upbringing, embodied not in the least by my academic and professional concerns. My parents provided me with an excellent education, both formally and in our personal lives, yet the obligation incurred nearly pressured me into pursuing a life that would have been at its core dishonest.

Pursuing a PhD in English Literature Essay -- College Admissions Essay

Pursuing a PhD in English LiteratureEducation has always been the highest priority in my family. by and by attending university and graduate nurture in the US, my parents moved to Florida, turning down a masters in architecture at Harvard for my mother for a office at an engineering firm for my father. Still relatively new to this country and language, my mother established her own architectural firm. In the midst of this transition, both spatially and victorly, my parents insisted on sending my brother to an expensive private school. My mother was trying to get her own firm going at the time and property was scarce. thus far the first priority was always to provide the best education for both my brother and myself no matter what the cost.Along with this focus on education, my parents fox likewise seen it necessary to give us exposure to other cultures. Born into a family that is already multicultural, my very large extended family also helped in this regard. With rela tives located in Paris, Tokyo, Seoul, Chile, as well as being spread out through most of the US, we had the opportunity to travel extensively even early on when money was scarce. These trips were always as much education as they were entertainment with a strong focus on exposing us to the arts. Museums, theater, and historical site always took common law over relaxation and leisure.As a result of this upbringing, I have always been extremely focused on my academic pursuits. In high school I participated in numerous competitions and had my curriculum restructured to challenge me. In the end, I graduated a year early, over-eager to go to college. In retrospect this may have been a mistake. I fell into the stereotypical trap of assuming I could coast t... ...le fulfilling my parents own desires. Entering into academics fulfils their desires for a son with a graduate degree and a respectable career plot maintaining my own interests. While my interests have developed beyond si mple admiration for the texts, at the center I chose this particular path with the intent of working with something I love. Thus, my multicultural background has provided me with the education and the focus I needed. However it simultaneously hindered my interests, for a while at least. It is a continuing struggle to balance my Korean heritage with my American upbringing, embodied not in the least by my academic and professional concerns. My parents provided me with an excellent education, both formally and in our personal lives, yet the obligation incurred nearly pressured me into pursuing a life that would have been at its core dishonest.

Philosophy of Healthcare Essay

This written report analyzes seven view points on the slip a managementic of philosophy of Healthc are. The seven view points are blended into this paper by discussing what factors extremely influenced my decision to choose healthcare as my set profession in life. Also discussing the Nature of Mankind, stating a few qualities that are highly important in our society and give examples of how it is used in our everyday life. This paper will further discuss the Brokenness of Mankind and what I see are my most important qualities that I will be able to bring into the medical field.Discuss different ways how handle conflict and stress that evoke someday lead to burnout in healthcare. Along the topic of talking about the Brokenness of Mankind, I will debate if there is a difference between meliorate and curing. Last, I will altercate the Value of Mankind and in what ways this could be appropriate for faith to play a part in expectant care in healthcare. Keywords n one and only(a). Philosophy of Healthcare Final draw Seven Points of Philosophy of Healthcare Back when I was a young child in elementary school, my offset printing grade teacher asked me and all my other classmates, What do you want to be when you grow up?One girl said a private eye investigator a boy who played on the peewee football team for our city said he wanted to be the quarterback of any NFL team. When it was finally my turn to rate what I wish to do for the rest of my life, I said I wanted to be a professional ice skater I came to realize six years later that that was never going to be my reality and I had to think about what really would interest me. One good quality everyone said I obtained was caring for others and how I always am the first to aid someone in need.I spent most of my quantify in the hospital visiting my grandmother and I always thought it was amazing to see the doctors rush to a patient of or watch the nurses do their rounds. I told my mother I wanted to work in th e hospital as a volunteer and she said I should so I did and I fell even more in love. Seeing all of the things going on in the hospital influenced me to really mesh this profession. What also influenced me was seeing how my pediatrician cared for other kids and was always taking good care of not only myself, but others as well. In this profession great deal need to possess very important faithfulnesss.Some of my personal virtues are dedication, caring, and also integrity. I believe that being dedicated is a cogent virtue to mother in general, but specifically as a healthcare professional. While working in the medical field you baffle to give time and effort to your patients and show them that you care as well. Caring would have to be another virtue that I portray and that is also very good to have. For example, if you have a patient that has been there for a long period of time, you have to show them that you care and put yourself in their position.Philosophy of Healthcare Fin al Project You have to show that you care, because if you dont things will only be negative and later on will become complicated and stressful. Integrity is a very strong virtue that anyone can have because it shows that you can be trusted and that you are a very honest person. Nowadays, they have a system of rules called HIPAA, which is used in hospitals nationwide. HIPAA is used for patient confidentiality and is an agreement that you will not discuss why a patient in there in the hospital and what is wrong with them with anyone else.This is why I believe everyone needs to have integrity. Discussion There is a plethora of ways that my top three virtues could be demonstrated. To find off, we will talk about dedication. Dedication can be shown in the medical field by setting divagation time to get indisputable tasks done by a specific time or day. For example, if a nurse has to clean up after a patient, they have to set aside time to aid them and also be dedicated to doing it, a long with that, they have to care for the patient while doing this specific task.Caring is another one of my top virtues. Caring is shown in many ways in this specific field. For example, caring for a patient while they are in the hospitality suite is extremely nice. When I did my volunteer service back in Orlando Regional Medical Center, I spent most of my time in the hospitality suite devising sure every patient waiting to return home was doing okay and assisting them get into their cars and giving them anything while they waited patiently to leave. Also, integrity is highly demonstrated in healthcare.As I have stated earlier in this paper, HIPAA is a very good example of how integrity can be shown in healthcare. Philosophy of Healthcare In addition, what I believe would be my important qualities that I can bring to healthcare as a professional would have to be my ability to be loyal and true to everyone including my co-workers, the patients, and of course myself. To me, loyalty and being trustworthy are the biggest qualities that anyone can pertain in life because without it, no one can depend on you to accomplish things or to confine things either.Today in the field of healthcare, there are many cases that are conflicting and stressful. more people give to climb their way out of this by doing numerous of strategies to get themselves out. The best thing to do is to focus on the confirming and try to think of ways to make things better. Do not try to blame others for wrong doings and try not to say the first things that comes to mind in a bad situation because that only makes things worse. In the hospital or any medical setting, you will be faced with problems and challenges almost every day. (www. zinearticles. com).Also, construction a strong communication with your colleagues can become a great advantage and can cause less burnout in the field. Another important way to combat stress is to sharpen ones communication skills. (www. fdu. edu). everythin g nowadays is communicated via e-mail, pager, text, or even social networks to try and get into contact with one another. If you have to talk to someone about a problem, simply approach them and talk face to face and not try to chase down a text or e-mail to have proof of something you said.Discussion Many people say that there is an antithesis between healing and curing. In my opinion I believe that they are both different. Healing is a natural process and is within the power of everyone. Curing, which is what doctors are called upon to do, usually consists of an Philosophy of Healthcare Final Project foreign treatment medication or surgery is used to mask or eliminate symptoms. (www. beliefnet. com). Healing is done by our Lord and Savior, Jesus Christ.It takes time for this to pass on and it takes a lot of faith to make it possible. On the otherhand, you can show up to a physicians office or the hospital and say Take the pain away and it will be gone within the hour thanks to technology today. With healing, you need to have a very positive mind set and pray to our Father in heaven to cure us with his tender loving care, instead of depending on society to cure us. The first step is having the intention to heal, to come back into balance. (www. stepsonthepath. com).

Creative play writing – Monologue

Rob is a thirty-five year old man, married to Lucy and has one child named Luke aged three. The monologue is redress with him school term in a chair at home holding his passwords teddy, reflecting on his life. However it wasnt always interchangeable this.PauseWaste of money these ar (picking up Lukes teddy). Luke never plays with it At least he has a roof over his head and a nice loving family. It wasnt like this for me when I was a child. I was never loved or properly cared for, I never used to loaf what the other kids did for Christmas and my birth mean solar day. Thats why I left home when I was seventeen, went on the streets looking for work and thats when I got in to the habit. I just couldnt stop.I made frequent visits to Tom, the intoxicant related doctor about my inebriation problem. The one that stands out the most was when I was about twenty and it was my birthday. I went to the pub, like usual with whatever money I could find or remove to pay for the jollify. I d ont remember much of the night except for the landlord telling me I had had too much and that the drink I was drinking was my last one. He had told me time and time again to get out because the pub had been closed for half an hour.I dont remember anything else but waking up in the alcohol unit at the local hospital feeling very ill with awful pain in my throat and chest. Yes, my stomach had been pumped outagain. non you again ROB Tom had said annoyingly. I could tell Tom had had enough of my visits and this time was going to do something about it. No more drink Rob, how many times, you cant live this way anymore I clearly remember him saying. At the time I didnt agree with any of this but in hindsight he was totally right, although I was young and foolish at the time.Tom tried his very best to help me by giving social work a call, who came and spoke to me about my alcohol addiction and accommodation. They said they would help move me out of the rough area of Birmingham. I bluntly r efused saying things like Im fine and I dont need any help, when quite plainly I didPauseA few days later a got a job in a local caf. I was on three pound fifty an hour as well, which of course all went on booze.As I didnt know many people I often felt depressed and very lonely. The only thing that kept me going was that one day things would be different, things would change. How lucky I turned out to be.PauseI lost the job in the caf, due to not turning up in the mornings, on several occasions, due to hangovers. Life wasnt tidy, I just couldnt help myself drinking, I just couldnt stop. As I had no money to acquire the drink with I went a few days without it. I became very ill, and had no money to even get some medicine or pills. I tried committing suicide several times, although thankfully unsuccessfully, and was found by this oldish woman, about sixty or so, lying on a park terrace dying.Oli Lee 4PShe took me by the hand saying Ill help you son, and I gratefully followed her. W e walked back to her car (which I immediately thought of stealing, but I couldnt drive) and got in. As left the park, back to her house I thought that I should give her a chance and not steal anything and see where it got me.When we did eventually get back to her house Madge, which I later found out was her name and was married to Pete who was at the time out on business, quickly got me inside and supply me. Come on eat this, she said encouragingly, offering me a roast dinner. I accepted and ate it all very quickly. It was the nicest meal I look at ever tasted and still remember it to this day. I had some medicine to help my desperation for alcohol which I had mentioned to her and then had a bath and went to bed.PauseI clearly remember waking up to the large silhouette of a man leaning over the bed staring at me.Hello son, he had said. Madge has told me all about you. Says shes seen you regularly in the park looking for food and shelter. Says you might need help?I said nothing. Wh o did he presuppose he was, how did they know me? How does HE know I need help? I kept all these thoughts to myself though which proved a very good decision. My gut reaction was to steal what I could and get out of there, but they had taken me in so I didnt follow the reaction.It turned out that Pete was the theatre director of a large computer group, Packard Bell. He was looking for a new receptionist type person for his companys warehouse. When he asked me to do this, I accepted without any questions. This was a major turning point in my life. Madge and Pete were extremely kind, and I worked as the receptionist there for about three years.I knew that I had outstayed my welcome with Madge and Pete so I bought a house, just down the road, with the money I had saved and bonuses Pete had given me.PauseScene is set in his living room with his wife Lucy sitting next to him.Life was great, a far cry from when I was an alcoholic living on the streets. I had even met a woman named Lucy t o whom I am now married. We reserve a son called Luke who is just starting Nursery school.I could never have dreamt this would happen and it is all down to Madge and Pete. I have also been reunited with my own family who are very proud of me for changing my life and finding happiness now.

Putting a Stop to Film Piracy Essay

Film piracy is one of the most lucrative forms of intellectual property theft in the united States and in the rest of the world. Movies are illegally copied, reproduced, and mass distributed in different ways such as in replicated DVDs or through the Internet for monetary gains. plagiarism is an act of stealing and it includes the unauthorized copying, distribution, performance or other use of copyright materials such as movies and television shows (Motion Picture Association of America).These practices go forth to prohibit impacts on consumers, the delineation assiduity, and to the whole economy. No matter how enticing are the reasons why people support pirated movies, film piracy bear ons to be a punishable crime for it is equal to stealing the properties and hard work of other people. Therefore, people who produce and distribute pirated movies for illegal purposes should face the consequences of their actions. Reasons Why mint Engage in this Crime There are several ways how to pirate films.These movies are produced either by recording inside the theater, post-production leaks or leaks from an awards screener, stealing film print, stealing legitimate DVD prior to official date of release, or by ripping a legitimate DVD of any antifertility code (Treverton 37). These stolen copies of the movies are then burned or replicated in much DVDs or uploaded in the Internet without the consent of their original owners and then sold at cheaper prices or distributed for free.Despite being prohibited by law, film piracy is hard to control because many people instantly benefit from it. The people back end the business earn a lot from pirated movies because they do non realise to buy the copyrights of the movies or pay royalties. Despite having lower qualities at times, buying pirated movies appeals to consumers because they brush aside get films for free or for a very cheap price. The low prices of pirated films compared with the legal ones make the former v ery attractive to buyers (Treverton 31).Consumers who have limited budgets would choose to buy pirated movies or download illegally from the Internet than to spend the money in cinemas. But these are only temporary benefits and in the bigger picture, film piracy causes more harm than good results. How Film Piracy Harms Pirated movies gain support from those who see them as answers to financial burdens. But many people remain unaware of the how movie piracy actually contributes to the put upings of the whole soils economy and film industry.These people do not recognize the importance of not supporting the products of piracy. The economy loses a lot of money annually because of the organized crime of intellectual property theft. Each year, motion picture piracy be the U. S. economy more than $20 billion and because of the illegal reproduction of films, lesser income is earned by the movies and lesser money is contributed by the movie industry to the countrys economy (Grover and Shi elds). Piracy is also one of the biggest threats to film and music industry.The whole entertainment industry suffers from this crime. The global film industry creates more jobs, more entertainment choices and more opportunities for the creative professions and because of piracy, lesser opportunities are given to film production because budgets for discovering new talents, artists, directors, and production staffs are limited and restrained by the need of budget (MPAA). There is a big possibility for the value of film making to decline and maybe even completely crash.Consumers will also suffer then because, aside from getting little for the money they invest in illegal products, they are also contributing to the wealth of people who have not really worked hard for the film. When the movie industry loses money to piracy, the costs produce quality and meaningful films and shows also become more expensive. Punishments and Consequences Piracy equals theft. Therefore, it is important to have laws created to protect the copyrights of films and television shows. These laws help safeguard the creative works that support the livelihoods of the 2.4 million Ameri moves who work together to create quality films for the entertainment of consumers (MPAA). The enforcement of laws makes copyrighted movies valuable and pirating these products makes them known as stolen properties. Many critics of the anti-piracy law and other laws related to copyright violations believe that the anti-piracy bill has harsh repercussions. Critics of anti-piracy laws believe that the punishments for acts related to piracy are too severe at times because lengthy prison terms and huge fines await those who will be caught involved in movie piracy.First-time violators can be sentenced to up to five years in prison if the camcording was committed for financial gain or commercial advantage and fined up to $250,000 (MPAA). Critics say that on that point should be a limitation for the consequences of re producing materials such as films. But for the industries that are affected by this crime, they need greater enforcement of laws because their lost sales continue increase as consumers retain access to free music and movies on the Internet (Grover and Shields). Conclusion Reproducing copyrighted materials such as films are prohibited by laws.Piracy is a form of theft and many people profit a lot from stolen works. It has become a problematic dent in the film industry because movie outfits are hurt by this illegal act. Apprehenders are not easily caught and are not always given their rightful punishments. Purchasing pirated movies or getting them illegally from the Internet may seem like a mild offense for an ordinary person. But if this crime is done in volume, the negative consequences of movie piracy are proven to be detrimental to those who are part of the industry of film making because the act already translates into theft and a violation of another persons rights.Works Cited G rover, Ronald and Shields, Todd. Movie-Piracy Websites Shut Down by Raids. 30 June 2010. Web. 23. Aug. 2010. Retrieved from http//www. bloomberg. com/news/2010-06-30/movie-piracy-web-sites-shut-down-in-coordinated-raids-by-u-s-officials. html. Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA). often Asked Questions. 2010. Web. 23 Aug. 2010. Retrieved from http//www. mpaa. org/contentprotection/faq. Treverton, Gregory F. Chapter Three The Shape of Counterfeiting and the Example of Film Piracy. Film Piracy, Organized Crime, and Terrorism. California RAND Corporation, 2009. Print. Pp. 27- 38.

Main thrends in phonemic theory Essay

Methods of Phonological Analysis.The Main Trends in the Phoneme Theory It is generally acknowledged that the phoneme is one of the basic language units. However, it is described by varied scholars and representatives of different linguistic schools in different ways. Before we look at the most significant theories, lets say a quick word on the record of phonological studies and mention the names of outstanding scholars who contributed to the understanding of this complicated language phenomenon. In the 1960s there appeared the so-called new phonology which was aimed at explaining how voice communication is actually produced and understood by the humans. Generative phonology represented by a well-known American linguist N.Chomsky viewed phonology in close tie-in with syntax and semantics. The ideas of generative phonology were represented in the book by Chomsky and M.Halle The Sound Pattern of English. Classical static phonological models were aimed at creating classifications of the sound arranging of a particular language. Dynamic models were aimed at establishing the sound pattern of an utterance on the basis of its semantic and grammar characteristics.Now lets try to group these schools into bigger categories and date stamp what is the master(prenominal) criterion in the approach of linguists to the phoneme. In fact, the main criterion is three aspects of the phoneme. Some linguists exaggerate the abstract aspect of the phoneme and ignore the material aspect. Others, on the contrary, pay more trouble to the material aspect and ignore the abstract one. We must admit that no theories ignore the functional aspect. I. Conceptions that pay special attention to the abstract aspect. According to mentalistic and psychological view, the phoneme is an ideal mental image, it doesnt exist objectively, it exists only in the mind of the speaker. Actual speech sounds are imperfect realization of it. These ideals were expressed by Baudauin de Courtenay and by Somme rfelt. II. Conception that can be called functional because special focus is given to the ability of the phoneme to differentiate the meaning. III. The group concerned with the material aspect.The sensual view represented by Daniel Jones and B.Bloch regards the phoneme as the family of related sounds. In other words the phoneme is a mechanical sum of its allophones. So, similarity between sounds is considered to be the main criterion for attributing them to a particular phoneme. We see that the representatives of this approach ignore the abstract and functional aspect of the phoneme. 1) to establish distinctivedifference between sounds, that is to establish relevant features 2) to create the inventory of the phonemes and establish the phonemic system of a language.

Poverty a retrospect of beliefs with the wrong reality Essay

As children we see life through a different set of eyes than others, and we accept the reality of our surroundings by how others judge us. We were the poor kids of the neighborhood and the others kids permit us know that. My parents divorced when I was 5 and things were rough for my mother with 3 kids to raise on welfare. We design we had it bad. Some condemnations, we didnt know where the next meal was coming from or who was going to help if things got worse I remember we would stand in line to welcome the food box for the month.Mom would put meals together and then she would leave for s foreveral weeks at a time, being on the road working for the coil Derby. We never knew who our babysitters were going to be or if they were going to treat us with some sort of dignity and respect. Many times we took matters into our own hands and got disengage of them and others just left, because we were non always the best be leadd kids in the world, and we were always in some kind of troubl e. The cops would bring us home at least 3 times a week for doing some crazy thing in the neighborhood, or stealing something from the local parentage to eat.After a while the cops and the store owners would just ask if we had something to eat or if there was something that we needed. Those were the days when people did come together and help others that were less fortunate, and we definitely needed the help. Our cousins lived in Firestone Park, a suburb of Los Angeles. They had some of the same obstacles to overcome except they did not defy the community support that we holdd. My aunt was a single mother and did not receive food stamps. As I think back now on the difference between our lives, and the obstacles they faced compared to ours, we had it made.We faced challenges just as they did I have been behind bars many times in my life. both I and my older brother had interventions that interchanged our lives. My brother found out that the alone way to change his life was to ch ange his environment and look for other ways to support himself and his family than drugs. There were no food boxes available to my cousins and the cops were not as forgiving as they were in our neighborhood the cops took my cousins to juvenile hall. There is one difference between my cousins and my family they were half black and white.They were not looked at with the same sympathetic eyes as us and they told us about the way they were treated by the people of the city, and putting you all behind bars was the only way to solve the problem. From other(a) on in their lives, they had to face the harsh reality that they were not treated the same as others even in their own community. Being called names by the other kids in the neighborhood, they had to fight e veryday just to earn respect and they became the aggressors. They did things that we never thought of at our age, but that was the live they lived.My cousins went to juvenile hall very early on, and when they would get out, it d id not take long for them to be locked up again. One of my cousins has spent over 3/4th of his life behind bars, and that is the only life he knows. We had spent a couple of days here and there in juvenile hall where they spent months throughout their teenage years. They did not have the same kind of caring community members as we did in our little helping of the world being a big city, crime was a way of life for kids there. There were not many options for the young people and joining a gang and the reality of death was just an ordinary part of life.Drug abuse was prevalent and my cousins excelled in the life of crime. If it had not been for the YMCA in our community and the people that were placed into our lives, things for us could have been just as it was for my cousins. Both of my brothers have been in jail a time or two, except for my youngest brother who is spending the rest of his life in prison. He was sentenced to 25 to life, 25 to life and 18 years for crimes he was inv olved in 1994. I moved external from Stockton, California in 1996. My older brother moved away several years afterward I did and he now lives in Waldport, Oregon. He is a well respected part of the community.My journey began in 1995, after suffering a heart attack behind an overdose of Methamphetamine I knew that I needed to change my life when I woke from the coma, and the charges that I was set about from running from the law for over 2 years. The judge whom I went in front of gave me my way out, but the road was not going to be easy. I had to complete a drug program, pay up all my fines and go to parenting classes. My kids had suffered long enough they had to deal with all my addictions, the stealing, lying and cheating. It was going to be a battle, but I was impulsive to do what it was going to take to put my life back on the right track.The judge looked at me and told me that if you do not complete this program and do all the requirements that I have set forth, that I would be facing 15 to 20 years straight time. Thanks to the Veterans Administration and a Stockton Sheriff named Officer Garcia, the judge was going to give me a chance of a lifetime. All of the charges against me were to be dropped, and my records sealed and I would have a fresh start in life. The judge said it was against his better judgment to give me this opportunity, but I had a lot of people willing to give me a chance. He was looking forward to putting me behind bars.My cousins never had any kind of opportunities such as the one I was precondition and they were criminals and they would be punished to the full extent of the law. All of my cousins are in prison for life because of 3 strikes law. One of my cousins was not so lucky He was shot and killed by the Los Angeles police that said he had pulled out a gun but none was ever found. They called it justifiable shooting, also known as guilt by association. I look back at the events of my life and realize that we were not poor by a ny means compared to other families in the Los Angeles area.The opportunities we had been given were not there for them and although we committed some of the same crimes, their punishment was more severe. I could never imagine being where I am today. I thank God for the people I have had in my life that gave me some different perspectives and hope that I could have more than I ever dreamed of. I look at how my cousins were raised and they way we were, and there are similarities, but we had it easy compared to them. Being of two different nationalities and dealing with the everyday stresses of the big city life must have been a burden that I am not sure if we would have survived.I must deal that life was not always rosy and wonderful, but we always had a roof over our heads and we might not have had the best meals but at least we had one. I am grateful to all the people I have had in my life that thought there was something to fight for and never let me give up hope. I pray for my c ousins every day and give thanks to the lord for all that I have been given. Works Cited . Howell, James, Decker, Scott H. The Youth Gangs, Drugs, and power Connection Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, January 1999. U. S. Department of Justice. Boyz N the Hood Singleton, John. 1991. Columbia Pictures

Sports vs Video Games

To reduce the growing population of obese children in the earthly concern the parents take to encourage sports and outside play over video games. Kids in the world today know little about sports and the rules. But spend to a greater extent time playing video games then outside being active. What happened to neighborhood hide and seek, or pick-up basketball game games with other neighborhood kids. Today children are more than interested in video games, computers and television, and parents are afraid of letting their children run around the streets because of kidnappings.When I was a kid I had video games that I spent most of my time outside playing. Being outside with the fresh air and the sunshine was the best thing for me. In this year today there are a lot of kids who have ont know how to play sports or are too obese to play sports. Take basketball for instants I personally think its one of the easiest sports besides football. The rules are simple in basketball, dribble the ball one hand at a time, and dont carry the ball. Also in basketball its up to you and your team to score as many points as you can.But in the game of basketball alike any other sport you have to work as a team. One of the major benefits you get from playing sports is understanding how to work rightfully good with other people. In my mind TEAM means Together E genuinelyone Achieves More, which means if you try to do everything by yourself you wont get very far. Video games dont teach you how to work with others. Also most of the video games today prompt rage and use profanity. (Gump, 3) The majority of kids are no longer interested in physical activity.There are a certain percentage of kids today that are addicted to video games. I believe that at a youth age kids shouldnt be addicted to anything. Video games in todays society have a negative work on kids because it separates them from reality. Besides working together basketball also benefits you in other charges like it will keep you healthy and moving like other kids. I played basketball for 7 years. I maintained a body weight of 145 lbs. With my body being and looking the way it did, it made me feel extremely good and confident.There is so much that comes with playing basketball the constant practicing and working out in the weight room. From all the tautological running and lifting weights that you have to do keeps the body healthy and muscular. Aerobic exercise strengthens the heart and lungs. Not only does exercise dish the internal organs but it also increases strength and stamina. Sports do not only help you physically but mentally as well. There is no match to the happiness that sports bring. play sports is energy put to good use.Sports are a form of exercise which generates happiness in your body, thus restoring your mental health. Video games dont help lose weight it helps gain weight. Also video games can mess up a kid mentally instead of making you happy it makes you wild or sad. Sports improve you physical and psychological health physical because sports involve exercise and psychological because playing is something you enjoy, its something that relaxes your mind. The lack of encouragement from parents when it comes to sports needs to be cut down. As many parents there are in this world that have played sports.There should be twice as many kids playing these sports. I believe if parents get more involved in their childs physical life there will be less obese children. What these kids need most is love and supporting parents teaching them the benefits of sports and a healthy life. So by parents being active with their children this would also cut down on the violence in the world today. Work Cited http//www. tribtoday. com/page/content. detail/id/565582/BOYSVIDEO-GAMES-VSSTUDYING. html? nav=5059-By LAUREN GUMP Warren G. Harding High School

History of India Essay

India, or Bharat, the fifth largest and the second populated country in the population, is one of the a couple of(prenominal) countries which can boast of an past, deep-rooted and diverse culture, which stretches grit to 5000 geezerhood. In ancient times, India was cognize as Bharata Varsha, the country of the legendary king of Puranic times c aloneed Bharat, and was believed to be a part of the island continent called Jambu Dvipa. Geologically speaking, India radiation patterned part of the Gondwana land and was attached to Antarctica and Australia, before it was liberated from the Antarctica complex about 135 million days ago and started drifting towards the north and finally joining South Asia about 45 million days ago.The Siwalik foothills of the north-western Himalayas served as home to the fossil primate genus known as Ramapithecus, which lived some 14 million years ago. Researches have to a fault found that a species resembling the Australopithecus lived in India some 2 million years ago. Some anthropologists believe that the Chotanagpur region witnessed the transformation of Homo Erectus to Homo Sapiens. This claim is based on the findings of hand axes and blades in the region of Pathalgarwa and the discovery of Harappan pottery in the nearby atomic number 18as.Early CivilisationsExtensive archaeological excavations carried out at Mohenjodaro in the hold Pakistan in 1922 brought to light the existence of a highly sophisticated and change culture known as the Harappan Civilization in India, which dominated the north-western part of the Indian Subcontinent. It is believed that this civilisation covered an bea of 1600 km from east to west and 1100 km from north to south, which exceeds the area occupied by contemporary civilisations want the Egyptian and Mesopotamian Civilisations. This civilisation is generally construed from about 2600 to 2000 B.C. However, Carbon-14 analysis of the structures at Mehrgarh near the Bolan clear up has indica ted that the people of this place were growing wheat and barley and tending sheep and goat as early as 5000 B.C. Archaeologists have by now discovered to a greater extent than 800 sites related to the Harappan Civilisation.Most scholars believe that the Harappan Civilisation was decayed as a result of the problems of ecology. The next to the highest degree important phase in the Indian history came centuries later with the advent of Aryans from the northwest of India. The Aryan migration to India was gradual and spread over many centuries. There is a difference of opinion about the reliable home of the Aryans. The unlike suggestions given by dis comparable scholars vary considerably in terms of geographic position in the world. Bal Gangadhar Tilak suggested that the Arctic region could be the home of Aryans. P.Giles suggested Hungary, Austria, Bohemia or the Valley of Danube as the possible home of Aryans, while goo Muller suggested Central Asia, Penka suggested Germany or Scan dinavia, Edward Mayer suggested Plateau of Pamir and Dr B.K.Ghosh and Gordon Childe suggested South Russia.There are opposites who vouch for an Indian origin of the Aryans, like Ganganath Jha (origin from Brahmarishi Desh), D.S.Kala (hilly region of Himalayas and Kashmir), Avinashchandra Das (Saptasindhu Pradesh) and Rajbali Pandey (Madhya Desh). The Aryans developed a remarkable culture, popularly known as Vedic culture, which was markedly different from the Harappan Culture. The Vedic blockage is divided into the Rig Vedic Period (1500-1000 B.C.) and the Later Vedic Period (1000-600 B.C.). The Vedic period can be considered as the excogitation stone for the Indian culture in all its multitudinous aspects.It laid the ground for the Hindu Dharma and produced a host of religious and secular texts, which constitute a very important part of the religious heritage of India. The Vedas, Upavedas, Upanishads, Brahmanas, Aranyakas and the Dharmashastras were produced during these times. The institution of gotra and the caste system appeared in the later Vedic times. From this period onwards, India functioned as a just about self-contained political and cultural unit, which gave rise to a distinctive tradition that was associated primarily with Hinduism, although other religions, notably Buddhism and Jainism in the ancient times, Islam in the medieval period and Christianity in the modern times, did make a strong impact on the socio-cultural aspects of India.Endless DiversityThere is an endless diversity in India starting from its fleshly features to Geologic structure, fauna and flora, demographic structure, races, languages, religions, arts and crafts and customs and traditions. India has been variously described as the Mini World, the epitome of the world and an ethnological museum. The diversities are so bewildering that for many people in the Western world, India remains a land full of mysteries and myths. The diversity in India is unique in the sense that i t binds the country together in some form of common identification. Underneath this diversity lies the continuity of Indian civilization and favorable structure from the very earliest times until the show up day.This concept of Unity in Diversity is perhaps typical of India and has served as its strength during all ages and during the roughest times in its political and cultural history. It is amazing that different elements of Indian culture, particularly its drama and the arts, despite passing finished different political phases, are characterised by an unmistakable unity and continuity. The successive waves of migration into India starting with the Indo-Greeks (2nd ascorbic acid B.C.), the Kushans (First coke A.D.), the incursions from the northwest by Arab, Turkish, Persian and others beginning in the early 8th century A.D. and finally the establishment of the Muslim empire by the thirteenth century A.D. and the advent of Europeans the Portuguese, the Dutch, the English, the Danes and the French into India, have brought in new elements in arts, music, literature, customs and traditions, which got absorbed into the Indian way of life, thus enriching the Indian culture.From the very ancient times India not only absorbed the foreign cultures into its composite fold, only if it also managed to spread the rich elements of its own unique culture in different parts of the world. It is historically recorded that the Chola rulers had cultural contacts with countries like Ilamandalam (Sri Lanka), Sri Vijaya (Sumatra), Chavakam (Java), Kamboja (Cambodia) and Kadaram (Malay Peninsula). Evidences of these early Indian contacts are still found in the art and architecture of these countries. The Southeast Asiatic countries formed a stronghold of Indian culture from the early centuries of the Christian era. The various Southeast Asian languages show strong influence of Sanskrit. Many in front kingdoms of these countries had adopted Hinduism as their religion, w hose influence is perceptible even today. India presents a picture of unity in diversity to which history provides no parallel.There is complete union in India in each of its cultural elements. Religion and philosophy, which forms the bedrock of any civilisation, are evident in India in the form of all major religions in the world Hinduism, Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, Jainism, Sikhism, Zoroastrianism and Judaism. some(prenominal)(prenominal) unique philosophical thoughts like Kapilas Sankhya Philosophy, Patanjalis Yoga, Gautamis Nyaya, Kananadas Vaisheshika and Jaiminis Purva Mimamsa developed in India and attracted the attention of the outside world. phantasmal tolerance has been the characteristic of the Indian civilisation right from the ancient days. Hindu sages declare that there is no single religion that teaches ways leading to an scoop path to salvation. All genuine spiritual paths are valid and all great religions are like the branches of a tree the tree of religio n.This doctrine lays foundation for the Hindu ideal of universal harmony. This tradition was carried forward in the medieval times by the Sufi and Bhakti saints like Ramananda, Kabir, Guru Nanak, Baba Farid, Baba Malukadasa, Baba Dharinidasa and Garibadasa. Indeed, the framers of the Indian Constitution ensured the continuance of these miraculous traditions when they declared India as Sovereign, Socialist, Secular and Democratic Republic. Regional Diversity Each state of India has its own language and set of tribes, festivals, arts and crafts and customs and traditions. era there are the Chenchus tribes in Andhra Pradesh and Orissa, Bhils and Gonds in the Central India, Dogris, Gujjars and Ladakhis in the Jammu and Kashmir and Nagas, Bodos, Mishmis, Gharos and Khasis in the Northeast, there are tribes like the Jarewas, Onges, Andamanis and Sentinelese in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.There are some festivals, which are typical of particular states, towns or villages like the Bo nnalu of Andhra Pradesh, Pushkar of Rajasthan, Rajrani of Orissa, Teej of Rajasthan and Bogali Bihu of Assam. Each region is also identified with its typical folk and tribal dance forms, like Puli Vesham of Andhra Pradesh, Keli Gopal of Assam, Chhau of Bihar, Dandia of Gujarat, Bhangra of Punjab and Otthanthulal of Kerala. A similar distinction can also be established in the folk drama, theatre and puppetry forms, as also the arts and crafts.Development of liberal arts and Fine ArtsThere was a continuous evolution of drama, music, dance, painting and folk art forms under the different political rules in India that ultimately led to the development of the definite Indian element in each of these forms. Thus, within the ambience of Indian culture one can identify Indian Music, Indian spring, Indian Theatre, Indian Literature, Indian Fairs and Festivals and so on. Indian music has a very long and unbroken tradition, which is an accumulated heritage of centuries and traces its grow to Vedic days. Bharatas Natyashastra (4th Century A.D.) is a great, comprehensive work on the science and technique of Indian drama, dance and music.The advent of Muslim rule in India brought in a changed perspective in the style of the Northern Indian music. The traditional Hindu devotional music form of dhruvapad got transformed into the classical dhrupad form of singing under the Muslim rule. The khayal developed as a new form of singing in the 18th century A.D. and became equally popular among the Hindus and Muslims. distinguishable ragas began to be introduced from the medieval times. Tansen created many new ragas like Darbari Kanada, Darbari Todi, Miyan Ki Todi, Miya ki Malhar and Miya ki Sarang, which until now, are regarded as the foremost ragas of Northern India. Sultan Hussain Sarki of Jaunpur introduced ragas like Jaunpuri tori and Hussaini Kanada. emir Khusro is credited with the creation of the Hemant, Prabhat Kali and Hem Behag ragas.A large variety of foreign musical theater instruments like Harmonium, Sarod, Shehnai, Sitar, Tabla and Violin were introduced in India to supplement the ancient musical instruments like Flute, Nadaswaram, Veena, Gootuvadhyam, Thavil, Mridangam and Plain drum. The six outstanding Sanskrit playwrights of all times, Shudraka, Harsha, VisakhA.D.atta, Bhasa, Kalidasa and Bhavabhuti have make tremendous contributions in the field of dramatics. Kalidasas Shakuntala, King Harshas Ratnavali, Bhasas Swapna-vasavadatta, Bhavabhutis Uttara-rama-charita and Mahavira-charita, Visakhadattas Mudrarakshasa are some of the outstanding Sanskrit plays, which indicate that India had a highly sophisticated theatre tradition in ancient times when in most other countries it was still in its infancy.Again in the field of literature, the earliest writing can be traced to the Rig Vedic poetry in Sanskrit. The Rigveda consists of 1028 suktas or hymns that are distributed in ten books called mandalas. This is perhaps, the earliest poetry in the world. The two great Sanskrit epics, the Ramayana and the Mahabharata composed by Valmiki and Vyasa respectively, along with the Puranas, constitute the pillars of the Indian literature. The Manu Smriti (1st century B.C.) is the high hat illustrator of the Dharma-sastras or Smritis or the Hindu religious laws. Kalidasa, Bairavi, Sudraka, Vishnu Sharma, Dandin and others composed several(prenominal) literary masterpieces in the ancient times. Indias contribution to the world was also immense in the field of astronomy, mathematics and medicine. Aryabhatta was the first to state that the earth moves round the sun and that the eclipses are caused by the shA.D.ow of the earth falling on the moon.Aryabhattas Aryabhatiya, Dasagitika-Sutra and Aryastasata belonging to the fifth century, Varahamihiras Pancha-siddhantika, Brahmaguptas Brahmasphuta-siddhanta and Khanda-khadyaka, Bhaskaracharyas Siddhanta-shiromani and Karana-kutuhala and Bhojas Raja-mriganka are important ancient Indian text s on astronomy. Ayurveda is the earliest school of medicine known to humans, which was consolidated 2500 years ago by Charaka, who was described as the Father of Medicine. Another ancient Indian Sushruta, who is considered as the Father of Surgery, is believed to have conducted complicated surgeries development over 125 different surgical equipments. Usage of anaesthesia was also rise known in ancient India. Like-wise deep knowledge of anatomy, physiology, aetiology, embryology, digestion, metabolism, genetics and resistor is also found in many ancient Indian texts. Indias most precious gift to the world is zero (0), which was referred to as Shunya in the ancient texts.Algebra, trigonometry and calculus also came from India. One of the best-known achievements of the Indian mathematics is the decimal system. Its first occurrence was on a plate of the year 595 A.D. where the date 346 A.D. was written in decimal place-value notation. Aryabhatta, who calculated the value of p as 3.14 16, is also credited with the creation of Algebraic analysis. Budhayana explained the concept of the Pythagorean Theorem way back in the 6th century. Brahmaguptas Brahma-Sphuta-Siddhanta has two chapters devoted to arithmetic, algebra and geometry. Bhaskaras Lilavati was for many centuries a standard work on arithmetic and Mensuration in the East.The worlds first university was established in Takshila in 700 B.C., where more than 10,500 students from all over the world studied over sixty different subjects. The University of Nalanda established in the 5th century B.C. was one of the greatest achievements of ancient India in the field of education. Described as The Oxford University of Mahayana Buddhism, it offered wide range of subjects like literature, logic, grammar, medicine, philosophy and astronomy. Sanskrit is the mother of all the European languages. A report in the Forbes magazine of July 1987 described Sanskrit is the most suitable language for the computer software. Vaisha li, in modern Bihar, is often described as the Worlds First Republic, as it had a duly elected assembly of representatives and efficient Administration as early as the 6th century B.C.Modern IndiaThe British rule in India, despite its several excesses and oppressive characteristics, had made several useful and lasting contributions to the Indian culture. Several social and administrative reforms were introduced during the British period. Warren Hastings brought about a reorganisation of judicial institutions and re-codification of the Hindu law. He established courts of appeal for civil and criminal cases at Calcutta and also a Supreme Court at Calcutta (now Kolkata). He also gave active encouragement to the formation of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. Lord Cornwallis laid the foundation for the present Indian constitution. He also brought about judicial reforms by replacing the Shariat law with the English law. William Bentick abolished evil practices prevailing in the Indian societ y like Sati and female infanticide and introduced modern western education in India.He also established the Calcutta Medical College and the Elphinstone Institution at Bombay (now Mumbai). Lord Dalhousie set up the customary Works Department to look after the construction and maintenance of roads. He also set up the Post & Telegraphs Department and issued the first postage revenue stamp in 1852 at Karachi. He opened the first Railway line on April 16, 1853 between Bombay and Thane. He also legalized the marriages of Hindu widows. The British introduced the neo-Colonial and Indo-Saracenic styles of Architecture in India. They were also instrumental in encouraging the development of modern theatre and cinema movements in India. The British enacted several laws and regulations, many of which are still followed in the Indian administrative set-up in some form or the other.The positive outcome of English education was most felt when many Indian social reformers began to emerge on the s cene to fight against the social evils like Caste system, untouchability and emancipation of women and the downtrodden. Raja Ram Mohan Roy was the foremost among such social reformers, who established the Brahmo Samaj. Soon, other organisations like the Prarthana Samaj, Arya Samaj, Dev Samaj, Ramkrishna Mission and the Theosophical Society of India were set up with similar aims and objectives. After Independence, the Indian Government enacted several legislations to tackle the prevailing social evils. Several steps were also initiated towards the emancipation of women and protection of the weaker sections of the society. Economically and socially, India has made great strides since independence.It has a well-developed infrastructure and a highly diversified industrial base, its pool of scientific and engineering personnel is the third largest in the world, and the pace of its agricultural expansion has more than kept up with the growth in its population. Rapid strides were also made in the field of Science and Technology and Research. Indias eminent scientists like C.V.Raman, Hargobind Khorana and S.Chandrasekhar won Nobel Prizes for outstanding contributions in their respective fields. India has an advanced and well-developed Space Technology syllabus and the remote sensing data from its IRS series of satellites is much sought after all-over the world. India has even launched satellites for advanced countries like Germany and South Korea. India is now a nuclear provide, but its nuclear policy is not aimed at the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction or threatening the security of any country. Indias foreign policy is based on enlightened self-interest, peaceful co-existence and respect for international law and the United Nations Organisation.March into the New millenniumIndia marched into the new Millennium as the fifth biggest thrift in the world in terms of purchasing power parity (PPP). It has become the leading supplier of IT professionals in the world, particularly to the United States. Its population having go across the one-billionth mark, India has perhaps the largest middle class market in the world. It is indeed a matter of great pride for India that the world has given due lore to Indians and Indian leaders as major contributors, who have shaped the world during the last millennium. Mahatma Gandhi was voted the Man of the Millennium in an online opinion poll conducted by the British Broadcasting Service (BBC)s online news site in December 1999. In an earlier BBC Online poll conducted in May 1999, Gandhi was also voted as the sterling(prenominal) World Leader. The Time magazine also chose Gandhi as the most important person of the century, next only to Albert Einstein.The former Prime Minister, Indira Gandhi, was named as the Woman of the Millennium in a BBC poll, ahead of several other distinguished personalities of the world. Indias culture and heritage is so rich and deep-rooted that it may take several month s or even years to understand all its dimensions. From the time immemorial India has fascinated many a world traveller like Fahien, Hiuen Tsang, Ibn Batuta, Alberuni, Ferishta, Vasco da Gama, Marco Polo and several others. Albert Einstein once said We owe a lot to the Indians, who taught us how to count, without which no worthwhile scientific discovery could have been made. The great German Indologist Max Muller said If I were to look over the whole world to find out the country most richly endowed with all the wealth, power and beauty that nature can bestow in some parts a very paradise on earth I should point to India.If I were asked under what sky the human mind has most fully developed the choicest gifts, has most deeply pondered on the greatest problems of life, and has found solution of some of them, which well deserve the attention even of those who have studied Plato and Kant I should point to India. The following quotation of the great American philosopher and writer Wil l Durant sums up the divine land called India, thus India was the motherland of our race, and Sanskrit the mother of Europes languages she was the mother of our philosophy mother, through the Arabs, of much of our mathematics mother, through the Buddha, of ideals embodied in Christianity mother, through the village community, of self-government and democracy. Mother India is in many ways the mother of us all.

A Life in the Day Of Sting Essay

I comprise the inmate article to be extremely intriguing as how a superstar like himself could be so normal and down-to-Earth.The content of the first paragraph explains how hold fast grew up with some background nurture or so his father, his beliefs and his common habits. The 2nd paragraph however tells of Stings feelings and loves. How he loves and misses his family, when hes away on tour or theyre away. As the text goes on it talks about his work life and how he manages to keep on top of it, it says how he has to leave his family to go for interviews or talk showse.g. The Des OConnor Show. He talks of the guilt and loneliness he suffers from when hes away from the family for so long. Then he tells of his fatherhood and how he sees himself to be as a father and how he treats his children.The article also explains of how Sting is thankful and grateful of his fame, his fortune and his estates, how hed feel about having to give them up. It also says what Sting would change about his life if he could, for showcase how hed treat his mum and dad differently now that he knows what mistakes hes made.My Conclusion of the TextThis article has touched on near enough every aspect of how Sting thinks, feels, lives and loves. It touches how he grew up where he grew up and what it was like growing up for him. It tells of the every day routines Sting has got into like doing his yoga before breakfast and why sting doesnt agree with wearing deodorant because he doesnt want to be labelled as a product

The Glass Menagerie: What Sort Of Atmosphere Is Created and How Is It Achieved In The Opening Three Scenes

There are many factors which puke contri savee to the pervading atmosphere of any play. But in this play there are peculiar, original slipway in which Williamss goes about this. The Glass Menagerie would seem like a harder play to create a dense atmosphere for beca give of the small amount of characters and the only one setting. A major difference in this play is evident directly from the beginning. This is the narration that the audience is given by one of the main characters, Tom.It is unnamed because once his narration is given, Tom jumps directly into the dialogue. This resembles very much a take, because with camera and voice oer techniques the narration is made a lot easier. We also bang that Williams started by writing screenplays and so this use of Tom would have come from his Hollywood experiences. The mood created by Tom is ambiguous and it depends on the reader. The cordial history which is described by Tom, the huge matriculating in a school for the blind is in the nix while the vivid description of the play is written in a very melancholy but interesting tone, it is sentimental Williams gives very strict stage directions and this can only contribute to the atmosphere, even without lines existence read.Atmospheric touches and subtleties of direction play a large part the opening description of the set and how it should be set out is one of the largest factors of atmosphere. Williams uses words and phrases such as dark, grim rear wall and dingy canyons of tangled inister lattice work With directions like this, the modern director is obviously going to create a almost gothic picture of scary darkness, and it is because of these directions that atmosphere is formulated so easily. The fact that this is a remembering play automatically gives atmosphere to the audience. Even Williams himself tells us that this play can be presented with unusual license from convention is allowing the director to cut the strings a little and maybe take the play into areas which cleverness have a greater effect on the audience.A good example of this is found in the directions also, memory is seated predominately within the heart. The immotive and exaggerated nature of the play will no doubt alter to the atmosphere. The use of the screen is also a large part of the atmosphere. It is a very unusual braid and it is obvious that because of his film experience Williams has included the screen. So he is capable in some ship canal of being able to manipulate the play in similar ways to a film.For example, a film can suddenly cut to a completely different place, with different characters. The screen allows extra granting immunity with emotions. It also compliments very well the memory aspect of the play in which actions or setting can be unnatural. It can be said that the screen has a symbiotic relationship with the memory, we know as humans that memory is not straightforward and direct, and that the mind can paint wonderful pictures. It is this understanding of mind, which the screen adds to the atmosphere.

Financial Structuring at Euro Disney

Financial structuring at euro Disney 1984-85 Disney negotiates with Spain and France to create a European theme park. Chooses France as the site. 1987Disney signs letter of intent with the French government. 1988 Selects lead mercenary bank lenders for the senior portion of the project. Forms the (SNC). Beings planning for the equity offering of 51% of Euro Disneyland as required in the letter of intent. 1989 European press and stock analysts visit Walt Disney World in Orlando. Being extensive intelligence agency and television campaign. Stock stars trading at 20-25 percent premium from the issue price.The layout of Euro Disneyland Euro Disneyland is determinedly American in its theme. There was an alcohol ban in the park despite the attitude amoung the French that wine with a meal is God-given right. Designers presented a plan for a Main Street USA, based on scenes of America in the 1920S. Eisner decreed that images of gangsters and speakeasies were too negative. Thiug made more o rnate and Victorian than Walt Disneys idealized Midwestern subatomic town. Main Street remained Main Street. Steamships leave from Main Street the Grand Canyou Diorama en riunte to Frontierland.It was replaced by a gleaming brass and wood complex called Discoverland, which was based on themes of Jules Verne and Leonardo da Vinci. Eisner lucid $8 or $10 million in extras ti the Visionarium , exhibit, a360-degree movie about French coating which was required by the French in their original contract. With the American Wild West being so frequently captured on film, Europeans have their own idea if what life was like back then. In Fantasyland, designers strived to vacate competing with the nearby European reality of actual medieval towns, cathedrals, and chateaux.The park is criss-crossed with covered walkways. Eisner personally ordered the generalisation of 35 fireplaces in hotels and restaurants. Children all over Europe were primed to consume. Even one of the intellectuals who contributed to Disney-bashing broadsheet was hale to admit with resignation that his 10year-old son swears by Michael Jackson At Euro Disneyland, under the name Capital Eo, Disney on the nose so happened to have a Michael Jackson attracting him. Disney expected to serve 15000 to 17000 meals per hour, excluding snake. Menus and overhaul system were developed so that they varied both in style and price.There is a 400 seat buffet, 6 table service restaurant, 12 counter service units, 10 snack bars, 1 Discovery food court seating room 850, 9 popcorn wagons, 15 ice-cream carts, 14 specialty food carts, and 2 employee cafeterias. Food service go forth reflect the fables country of origin Pinocchios facility having German food Cinderellas French Bella Nottes, Italian and so on. many Europeans dont care much for very spicy food, Tex-Mex recipes were toned down. A special coffee blend had to be developed which would have universal appeal. Hot dog cart would reflect the regionalism of American tastes.

Cinderella and Fairy God Mother Essay

Cinderellas story portrays a perfect example of that GOD is with those with whom no one is. Poor Cinderella grew up without her mother, and then later was raised(a) fatherless in an abusive environment by her wicked stepmother and two stepsisters. Deprived of her possessions, rights, and dignity, she is forced to savvy daily in the house her family once takeed alone although she lost a lot but she never loses hope. Cinderella is shown as a good hearted young lady. She is hard working and does her best to make her dreams true. She is firm to her friends and her work, she never lets her friends down. She is also good in studies and fulfills all of her duties without negligence which shows that she is responsible.She is smart and sensible. Her character displays her kind nature, she is rattling obedient she has been emotionally and physically tortured by her step mother and step sisters but button up she respects and obeys them and does her best to keep them happy. She is just li ke a normal high school girl, with life-size hopes and ambitions. She quietly searches for her prince charming to find peace of heart. She gets her heart broken again and again but only she never lets herself get broke. She is not evil and avoids creation in conflicts at school, even while being bullied she does not react back which shows that she is real decent. She tries to make others happy by putting others ahead of her own self.THE ROLE OF FAIRY GOD MOTHERWithout fairy God Mother cinderellas story would not have been complete, fairy god mother in the form of her friend helps her through out her journey. She is very good towards cinderella she Supports Cinderella both verbally and practically, shows her the right path through the darkest of times and guides her to meet her unknown friend. sissy Godmother always appears in the right place at the right time. Fairy God mother is a gods gift to Cinderella.Cinderellas good character and the role of fairy god mother in her life a re the only reasons that in the end she gets what she truly deserves.

Feudalism in Pakistan

Introduction- The Zamindarana Nizam or Feudal system is a phenomenon that has affected Pakistans storey time and again abouttimes for the let on and sometimes for the worse. There are numerous salient features of the Feudal system in Pakistan. They are s salutaryed landholdings by joint families Lambardari of the local landlord family, work d 1 by peasants or mazeras, complete rule of the landlord in the vicinity and a good deal its surroundings alike, debt bondage and sometimes absentee landlordism.The Pakistani feudalistic system is compatible with the European medieval feudal system where a large proportion of the production of the subsistence farmer would go to the landlord as homage. The Indian caste system is also similar to the power structure of the medieval European feudal gain expect for the detail there a person from a lower rank could be promoted to a higher rank by proving his worth un bid India where a Pandits son go forth bring about up to be a Pandit and a Shudras son is deemed to be a consideration for the rest of his aliveness. There are also some similarities with the Japanese feudal system.In this research we will stab into the intricacies of the matter and will ascertain the reason for the phenomenon of feudalism and its effects on Pakistani society in general. The European Feudal Model- We prevail to carry out the similarities between the Indian Feudal Model and the European feudal model because a lot of quite a little confuse maven with an some other. It will also be easier to study the Indian feudal system because it was a forerunner of the modern Pakistani feudal system. The European feudal system was based on homage to ones feudal lord because of the fact that he protects the plebian from external threat by serving in the military.If we want to study the European feudal model we have to grasp the idea of the poof, the Lord, the vassal and the peasant. The King was the soereign barring exceptions in some cases, exc lusively the feudal barons and others were knighted by the King so that they would pledge allegiance to the King. Pledging allegiance to the King meant that many of the feudal lords were required to work on in the military. As a go away the profession of an regular the States ships officer up till world war two remained largely a feudal profession.Almost all Earls, Dukes, Viscounts and Barons served in the armament or Navy as officers a tradition that continues to this solar day as we can put one across twain the sons of Charles, the Prince of Wales serving in the military. Another way how an ordinary man could work up the hierarchy was by proving himself in battle. Once the man would do so, he would be awarded with land by the King called fief. This would make him a landowner and he would and then be required to swear an malediction of Fealty, the literal meaning of fealty is fidelity. Once the feudal pledged allegiance to the King he was made head of his area.The spotle ss medieval Europe fell into some pattern of a gain of hierarchy with the head of ein truththing being the Pope and the Clergy. The Pope was responsible for a lot and he would often appoint Prices in an around the area of modern Italy. Cesare Borgia is one such example of people plant by Pope Alexander the Sixth, his father. The Church was known for its nepotism and this is why the Great Schism or the occidental Schism and the Protestant Reformation took place. The Churchs corruption knew no bounds at times. Alexandre Dumas in one case said that Christianity assumed a pagan character. This is exactly what he was tal fairy about.The Church has unequivocal power. Then came the Monarchs, then the Knights and Vassals, the business people were next and finally there were the peasants and the serfs. This has a lot of similarities with the Indian caste system. There were basically four Varnas. The brahmans were the highest and they were the equivalent of the Clergy of those days, then there were the Kshatriyas who were a lot worry Knights of the European feudal model and Samurais of the Japanese feudal system, then were the Vaishyas who were the traders, the businessmen and merchants, finally there were the Shudras who were sort of like the peasants.The feudal system in history has been a way of keeping the oppressed down. twain systems show a clear indication of exploitation. While Brahmins and Kshatriyas were landowners, the Vaishyas were confined to doing business only and the Shudras were made to serve the Brahmins, the Kshatriyas and the Vaishyas in the most demeaning and despicable of ways. They were confined to cleaning jobs, acting as servants and laborers. The Mahar are a lower community of India. They were called the untouchables. One of their leaders B. R. Ambedkar was the Chairman of the Constitutional Drafting Committee.He was the motive of several books and was rattling aware of the fact that he was from an oppressed community and made provisio ns to make India into the secular and encompassing state that it is today. Some people may disagree with this statement but I beg to differ. The magnetic north of India has done a lot to protect the rights of its lower castes ever since independence and this is where people like B. R. Ambedkar of necessity to be refundn credit. Unfortunately in Pakistan, people from lower castes often try to hide their individuation and being from a lower caste is motionlessness considered a stigma, set outicularly in the Punjab.Here the Kshatriya tribes who are around exclusively Muslim have not let go of their Hindu approach. They still believe in Mazera and Kammi system. They are not sent to school and are forced to work for their landlord families generation after generation. It is a shame what Pakistan has become today. Pakistanis embrace modernism thinking that it is an American phenomenon but they have no speck whatsoever how much of an equalitarian society the United States is today. While India has let go of their former evil, Pakistan continues to be an insolent, third-rate godforsaken society.Coming stand to the European feudal system, there were instances when the King knighted the people who were close to the king or were in the process of forging close relationships were also knighted so that their status would be sumptuous to that of any other peer. We can clearly see that in the case of King Henry the one-eighth or Henry Tudor. Before he was set to marry Anne Boleyn he knighted her father making him a Viscount and her brother a Baron. The feudal Barons in the middle ages dominated every walk of life.The German conjure up prefix of von usually showed nobility and we can clearly see that all the people who dominated German and Austrian societies before the Second World War had this prefix in the beginning of their name. For example von Mises the economist, von jelly doughnut the statesman, von Manstein the general, von Hindenburg the Chancellor of Ge rmany before Adolf Hitler and his Third Reich came into power. This is clear evidence of how the nobility was ascendent in all spheres of life. We will discuss the same about Pakistan but like Europe trends are changing here too and we can see a more fair and equalitarian society.The Indian Feudal Model- The frontmost evidence of allotment of lands was in ancient India. Indians of antiquity were very giving to their spiritual leaders, the Brahmins. The customs of gifting lands to Brahmins dates patronage to Maurya times. The Maurya Empire thrived in India between the 4th to 1st Century B. C. E. The Empire controlled from Paltiputra in Present day Patna, Bihar controlled almost all of India. The special thing about this empire was that it was very sparsely populated. This made it very easy for greedy, licentious Brahmins to encroach land. The situation was ideal and the Brahmin is a very shrewd man. correspond to R.S. Sharma of the University of Patna this is when the trend start ed and was later enacted into the epic of Mahabharata during the Gupta Empire. This indoctrination meant that the Brahmins would later become landowners. Vast estates of land boil down into coarse sums of money and with money comes power, influence and authority. Over the course of the next two thousand years the Brahmin consolidated his position by becoming the landlord along with the Kashatriya. Our ancestors, the Kashatriyas had to earn his land and fight with every eccentric of his being for every last chunk of land but the Brahmin had his devious ways.The Brahmin changed the consecrate Hindu script and stammered rites for a living. The lead of all this was that the Brahmin to this date remains economically well off and continued to rule for centuries to come. Only in todays world do you see people from lower Varnas such as Laksmhi Mittal or Bajaj strike rich. Otherwise it was always the Brahmin Pandit or the Kshatriya warrior who had control over wealth. It is important to note that the Nehru family is of Kashmiri Brahmin Pandit origin their scions include Motilal Nehru, Jawaharlal Nehru and Indira Gandhi.The concept was then started off by the Mughals who with their skill in administrative issues decided to appoint tax collectors from area to area. This include people from every religion. The Mughals made no discrimination in religion. There were some smaller kingdoms all over India too as the Mughals did not have a hundred percent control over everything. The Mughals, like the British conferred titles upon their tax collectors. Some of these titles were Mian, Rai Bahadur and Chaudhary. Mian was the title given to the Arian family who were the custodians of the Shalimar Gardens. The family is called Mian family of Baghbanpura.Mian Muhammad Shafi, one of the politicians of per-partition India and the Judge to whom Jinnah swore his oath to after becoming Governor-General are twain from this family. Rai Bahadur was the title given to those families who helped the Mughals succeed in destroying their enemies for example some people from one tribe would given the title for killing people from another tribe who were causing troubles to for the Mughals. Chaudhary literally meant Lord and unlike today it was a very rare title back then. It was also common amongst the Mughals to grant Lordship to Pashtun Generals serving in the army.The Nawabs of Bhopal and the landlords of Khwaspur near modern day Lalamusa were both handed over to Pashtun generals for the serve they rendered to the Mughal Empire. Once the British came to power, they had similar tactics of retaining power. The only difference was that they had different names for their loyalists. They preferred to give the title of Khan Bahadur. The British clearly understood the differences between communities of India and did their best to divide us. When people from one tribe rebelled, they were expelled from the army.They placed tribes loyal to them over others in social standing and even today, the effects of this infringement and manipulation of history effects our society in a very detrimental way which I will discuss later in the research. Hegemony of feudals in Pakistani society- There were also stories from history where we can see that the King was not as powerful and that the Feudals were running the show alto take a shither. We see the phylogeny of the Magna Carta, the first bill of rights of man that the western world saw. This Magna Carta was written in the thirteenth century by the Feudal Barons of King John the Second after a series of critical istakes made by the King and now the power lay with the Barons. This is how important the nobility was back in the medieval ages. The phenomenon is still prevalent in modern day Pakistan where we clearly see that almost all of the bureaucrats and politicians hailing from Interior Sindh have remarkably eccentric and ridiculous last names. This is because these are the leaders of their respective tribes. Ghulam Mustafa Jatoi, Asif Ali Zardari, Muhammad Khan Junejo among many others. wherefore does not any Sindhi from an ordinary background make it to the top? It is the hegemony of these tribe leaders that keeps them oppressed and downtrodden.We do see a sort of connection of these nobles with their German pre world war counterparts. They were all extremely dominant in their societies and controlled the military, the bureaucracy, the foreign affairs, almost all the intellectual discourse, the food production and pretty much everything else. Absentee Landlordism- This is a phenomenon by which a peculiar landlord from a peculiar rural area of Pakistan remains absent during the entire course of the cultivation and harvest of his crops in order to enjoy a lavish lifestyle in the urban areas of Pakistan.These landlords do not contribute to their land some of them embark on political careers or take up important bureaucratic jobs. As a result they have little or almost no input on the gro wth of their crops. There are people that are part of the feudal gentry who leave their country estates and farmlands comprising of hundreds of acres just to live a lavish life in Lahore and other cities playing polo and consuming ridiculous amounts of alcohol. When their crops are harvested they get the largest share of the profits slice their mazera gets nothing but some money to barely make ends meet.Societal deterioration of Urban Pakistan- According to Ayesha Siddiqa, the author accredited with writing Military Incorporated, feudal system is still alive and kicking in Pakistan and even Pakistans urban elite are trying to copy the life styles of the feudals. She says and I reiterate the decadent lifestyle of the old Nawabs and the feudal elite by holding huge parties, mujrahs and flaunting money in their newly built farmhouses. The tragedy of our country is that we try to copy whatever culture we think is superior.Our Anthropology teacher first introduced us to the phenomenon of Cultural Diffusionism where traits of dominant cultures are slowly assimilated into weaker cultures. Unfortunately for Pakistani society, we are do to accept any culture that has more to do with ostentatiousness than modesty. Moreover, Nawabs and Thakurs were more powerful in areas like Balochistan or Uttar Pradesh. Nawabs of Punjab for example Nawab Sir Fazal Ali of Gujrat and Nawab Sir Hayat of Wah were mostly installed by the British.It is sad to see North Punjabis and other Pakistanis trying to emulate their lifestyles because of their own inferiority complexes. The word khandaani has been thrown around so much and is explicit by every single menial who has a few nickels in his pocket. Pakistani society is a complete and utter shambles and the feudal archetype is to be held accountable in this particular case. Pakistan Army Officer Corps and its deterioration because of differences in background- Pre-partition Pakistan Army also shows a clear be between army officers of f eudal background and army officers of ordinary backgrounds.In a story narrated by my father, a former Pakistan Army Armored Corps officer there was a clear discord and hatred between both the parties within the Armored Corps back then. There were two syndicates that we formed one lead by former Lieutenant General Sahabzada Yakub Khan, a landowning aristocrat and the son of the Nawab of Rampur who opted for Pakistan army after partition The other by Lieutenant General Gul Hassan Khan a man of base background from Pabbi, Nowshera District.Both Generals were from PAVO cavalry (Frontier Force) and Probyns Horse respectively with the former filled with people from elite backgrounds and elitist principles and the latter being the complete opposite of that. My father told me that before the 1970s if you were serving in the army as a cavalry officer you had to be a part of one group or the other or else you had no future in the army and were constantly harassed by both parties. So the offi cers picked their sides, all except one General Zia-ul-Haq did so.As a result young Zia a unshakable mullah, was thrown out of three army regiments before settling into one dominated by elitists, the Guides Cavalry (Frontier Force). There he was welcomed by Lieutenant Colonel Pir Israr Shah who felt sorry for despicable Zia. The day Colonel Shah left poor Zia was once again bullied and harassed by fellow officers especially by former NWFP and Punjab Governors Lieutenant Generals Fazl-e-Haq and Ghulam Jilani, both personally appointed by General Zia later so that he would show them whos boss.The result of these dissensions was that Zia did his best to purge out the elitist from Pakistan Army and this policy very slowly and gradually took its effect. Coming back to Gul Hassan and Sahabzada Yakub Khan, There were implications that Bhutto wanted Gul Hassan as the future head of the Army, part of the reason why the competent Sahabzada resigned as Commander of East Pakistan (present day Bangladesh). He was replaced by A. A. K. Niazi, a genuinely incompetent officer.As a result of all of this, Pakistan Army failed to protect East Pakistan from Indian onslaught in the 1971 war. All because our officers failed to unite as one and let go of their backgrounds. What a pity Perhaps this was why it was so hard to get any work done in any military office back then. There was too much politics surrounding every issue. One party would do whatever it was in their faculty to make the other one look bad and not caring about the duties that their state entrusted upon them.

Vietnam and Gulf Wars Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Vietnam and Gulf Wars - Essay ExampleThe decision to send U.S troop to Vietnam did not take into considerations the tidy sum of the public or the Congress. Negative impressions by the public and many political bigwigs persisted throughout the clipping that the U.S man were in Vietnam. The public was up in arms at the amount of money that was used during this time of war in Vietnam. The s leaddinges were not only in monetary terms but to a fault in the number of soldiers who perished (Rosenau 46).So many soldiers died and others were also injured. It was the first time that the United States had suffered a loss in war. The Vietnam War left an economic dent that was felt throughout the U.S. apart from that, shame and perceive weakness in military force and policies were exposed for the whole world to see (McNamara and VanDeMark 67). The eventual educe out of the force seemed like an acceptance of a mistake and defeat.The eventual accomplishments of the Vietnam disaster were tac it lingering in the minds of the American public and political players. When the free Kuwait decision that ultimately led to sending of troops in the Gulf region was made, the American citizens were not very pleased. They criticized the decision. The aftermath of Vietnam had an effect on the foreign policy decisions and the reluctance of people to go through an ordeal like the antecedent one. The public saw it as another catalyst for an economic slowdown and massive loss of lives for an world(prenominal) situation that did not scream out for their participation. According to the public and some political players, it was not demand to go to war at the moment leave alone going there with brimming assertion of a win.Since the US aimed at being the superior power, involvement in the war led to the fault of relations especially after the US invaded Grenada and Panama (Murrin, et al. 844). Countries such as the Soviet Union were silently not amused by the antics of United States. Sl owly, U.S was creating a divide and even causing tensions with its long-term allies.

Managerial and Cost Accounting Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Managerial and Cost Accounting - Assignment ExampleThis is because managerial accounting provides learning and reports that may be used by organizations to identify areas within the organization that needs additional investigation and examination. Managers use information provided by managerial accounting such as budgets to make decisions and plans. The information provided by managerial accounting can be used by managers to solve problems. Therefore, managers can use such information to develop alternatives to issues arising from budgets and convergenceion changes. Managerial accounting information is used by managers to make estimations of product and service costs and profitability. In addition, managers understand customer orientation through managerial accounting. Managers are competent to evaluate the business from the cross-functional perspective by use of managerial accounting information. Managerial accounting withal provides information that is useful in improving tot al quality by an organization (Rich and Jones 667). Through managerial accounting, managers can formulate and implement an organizations strategic activities. It also enables managers to do their work efficiently and effectively, adding value to the organization. This is because managerial accounting creates organizational alignment throughout the organization and facilitates continuous learning and avail (Davis and Davis 4). This paper investigates the application of worry accounting practices in one of the Saudi-Arabian organizations, SABIC. In the analysis, the use of both(prenominal) financial and managerial information in decision making are evaluated. This analysis is done in comparison with the application of MAPS by UK companies that produce foods and drinks. The prove also analyses the financial and nonfinancial benefits of using MAPs to an organization. This account fills the gap that exists between literature and practice. The information of this study can also be u sed in the educational sector. Literature Review In 1993, Altamira and Majbour carried out a research on management accounting in Saudi Arabia. This study was a comparative analysis of Saudi and Western approaches, which investigated the differences and similarities in management accounting practices between companies owned and managed by Saudis and joint venture companies in Saudi (Altamira and Majbour). In the investigation, the managerial use of accounting, a sophistication of management accounting systems and the role of accountants in decision making and obligate were investigated. Similarities and differences between the researched companies in terms of accounting system sophistication and managerial use of accounting and the accountants role of in decision making and control were also studied (Altamira and Majbour). The study was only descriptive. It was established from the study that Western joint venture companies based in Saudi Arabia have sophisticated accounting syste ms, compared to Saudi owned and managed companies (Altamira and Majbour). Also, accountants of Western joint venture companies based in Saudi Arabia play a great role in decision making and control, compared to Saudi owned and managed companies. In addition to the aforementioned findings, it was tack together out, in the study, that managers of Western joint venture companies based in Saudi Arabia fully depend on accounting information in decision making and control (Altamira and Majbour).